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Dorod-Sky/skyvern/forge/agent.py

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Python
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import asyncio
import base64
import json
import os
import random
import string
from asyncio.exceptions import CancelledError
from datetime import UTC, datetime
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Tuple, cast
import httpx
import structlog
from openai.types.responses.response import Response as OpenAIResponse
from playwright._impl._errors import TargetClosedError
from playwright.async_api import Page
from skyvern import analytics
from skyvern.config import settings
from skyvern.constants import (
BROWSER_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT,
BROWSER_DOWNLOADING_SUFFIX,
DEFAULT_MAX_SCREENSHOT_SCROLLS,
GET_DOWNLOADED_FILES_TIMEOUT,
SAVE_DOWNLOADED_FILES_TIMEOUT,
SCRAPE_TYPE_ORDER,
SPECIAL_FIELD_VERIFICATION_CODE,
ScrapeType,
)
from skyvern.errors.errors import (
GetTOTPVerificationCodeError,
ReachMaxRetriesError,
ReachMaxStepsError,
TimeoutGetTOTPVerificationCodeError,
UserDefinedError,
)
from skyvern.exceptions import (
BrowserSessionNotFound,
BrowserStateMissingPage,
DownloadFileMaxWaitingTime,
EmptyScrapePage,
FailedToGetTOTPVerificationCode,
FailedToNavigateToUrl,
FailedToParseActionInstruction,
FailedToSendWebhook,
FailedToTakeScreenshot,
InvalidTaskStatusTransition,
InvalidWorkflowTaskURLState,
MissingBrowserState,
MissingBrowserStatePage,
NoTOTPVerificationCodeFound,
ScrapingFailed,
SkyvernException,
StepTerminationError,
StepUnableToExecuteError,
TaskAlreadyCanceled,
TaskAlreadyTimeout,
TaskNotFound,
UnsupportedActionType,
UnsupportedTaskType,
)
from skyvern.forge import app
from skyvern.forge.async_operations import AgentPhase, AsyncOperationPool
from skyvern.forge.prompts import prompt_engine
from skyvern.forge.sdk.api.aws import aws_client
from skyvern.forge.sdk.api.files import (
get_path_for_workflow_download_directory,
list_downloading_files_in_directory,
list_files_in_directory,
rename_file,
wait_for_download_finished,
)
from skyvern.forge.sdk.api.llm.api_handler_factory import LLMAPIHandlerFactory, LLMCaller, LLMCallerManager
from skyvern.forge.sdk.api.llm.exceptions import LLM_PROVIDER_ERROR_RETRYABLE_TASK_TYPE, LLM_PROVIDER_ERROR_TYPE
from skyvern.forge.sdk.api.llm.ui_tars_llm_caller import UITarsLLMCaller
from skyvern.forge.sdk.artifact.models import ArtifactType
from skyvern.forge.sdk.core import skyvern_context
from skyvern.forge.sdk.core.security import generate_skyvern_webhook_signature
from skyvern.forge.sdk.db.enums import TaskType
from skyvern.forge.sdk.log_artifacts import save_step_logs, save_task_logs
from skyvern.forge.sdk.models import Step, StepStatus
from skyvern.forge.sdk.schemas.files import FileInfo
from skyvern.forge.sdk.schemas.organizations import Organization
from skyvern.forge.sdk.schemas.tasks import Task, TaskRequest, TaskResponse, TaskStatus
from skyvern.forge.sdk.schemas.totp_codes import OTPType
from skyvern.forge.sdk.trace import TraceManager
from skyvern.forge.sdk.workflow.context_manager import WorkflowRunContext
from skyvern.forge.sdk.workflow.models.block import ActionBlock, BaseTaskBlock, ValidationBlock
from skyvern.forge.sdk.workflow.models.workflow import Workflow, WorkflowRun, WorkflowRunStatus
from skyvern.schemas.runs import CUA_ENGINES, RunEngine
from skyvern.schemas.steps import AgentStepOutput
from skyvern.services import run_service, service_utils
from skyvern.services.action_service import get_action_history
from skyvern.services.otp_service import poll_otp_value
from skyvern.utils.image_resizer import Resolution
from skyvern.utils.prompt_engine import MaxStepsReasonResponse, load_prompt_with_elements
from skyvern.webeye.actions.action_types import ActionType
from skyvern.webeye.actions.actions import (
Action,
ActionStatus,
CompleteAction,
CompleteVerifyResult,
DecisiveAction,
ExtractAction,
GotoUrlAction,
ReloadPageAction,
TerminateAction,
WebAction,
)
from skyvern.webeye.actions.caching import retrieve_action_plan
from skyvern.webeye.actions.handler import ActionHandler
from skyvern.webeye.actions.models import DetailedAgentStepOutput
from skyvern.webeye.actions.parse_actions import (
parse_actions,
parse_anthropic_actions,
parse_cua_actions,
parse_ui_tars_actions,
)
from skyvern.webeye.actions.responses import ActionResult, ActionSuccess
from skyvern.webeye.browser_factory import BrowserState
from skyvern.webeye.scraper.scraper import ElementTreeFormat, ScrapedPage, scrape_website
from skyvern.webeye.utils.page import SkyvernFrame
LOG = structlog.get_logger()
class ActionLinkedNode:
def __init__(self, action: Action) -> None:
self.action = action
self.next: ActionLinkedNode | None = None
class ForgeAgent:
def __init__(self) -> None:
if settings.ADDITIONAL_MODULES:
for module in settings.ADDITIONAL_MODULES:
LOG.debug("Loading additional module", module=module)
__import__(module)
LOG.debug(
"Additional modules loaded",
modules=settings.ADDITIONAL_MODULES,
)
self.async_operation_pool = AsyncOperationPool()
async def create_task_and_step_from_block(
self,
task_block: BaseTaskBlock,
workflow: Workflow,
workflow_run: WorkflowRun,
workflow_run_context: WorkflowRunContext,
task_order: int,
task_retry: int,
) -> tuple[Task, Step]:
task_block_parameters = task_block.parameters
navigation_payload = {}
for parameter in task_block_parameters:
navigation_payload[parameter.key] = workflow_run_context.get_value(parameter.key)
task_url = task_block.url
if task_url is None:
browser_state = app.BROWSER_MANAGER.get_for_workflow_run(
workflow_run_id=workflow_run.workflow_run_id, parent_workflow_run_id=workflow_run.parent_workflow_run_id
)
if browser_state is None:
raise MissingBrowserState(workflow_run_id=workflow_run.workflow_run_id)
working_page = await browser_state.get_working_page()
if not working_page:
LOG.error(
"BrowserState has no page",
workflow_run_id=workflow_run.workflow_run_id,
)
raise MissingBrowserStatePage(workflow_run_id=workflow_run.workflow_run_id)
if working_page.url == "about:blank":
raise InvalidWorkflowTaskURLState(workflow_run.workflow_run_id)
task_url = working_page.url
task = await app.DATABASE.create_task(
url=task_url,
task_type=task_block.task_type,
complete_criterion=task_block.complete_criterion,
terminate_criterion=task_block.terminate_criterion,
title=task_block.title or task_block.label,
webhook_callback_url=None,
totp_verification_url=task_block.totp_verification_url,
totp_identifier=task_block.totp_identifier,
navigation_goal=task_block.navigation_goal,
data_extraction_goal=task_block.data_extraction_goal,
navigation_payload=navigation_payload,
organization_id=workflow_run.organization_id,
proxy_location=workflow_run.proxy_location,
extracted_information_schema=task_block.data_schema,
workflow_run_id=workflow_run.workflow_run_id,
order=task_order,
retry=task_retry,
max_steps_per_run=task_block.max_steps_per_run,
error_code_mapping=task_block.error_code_mapping,
include_action_history_in_verification=task_block.include_action_history_in_verification,
model=task_block.model,
max_screenshot_scrolling_times=workflow_run.max_screenshot_scrolls,
extra_http_headers=workflow_run.extra_http_headers,
browser_address=workflow_run.browser_address,
browser_session_id=workflow_run.browser_session_id,
download_timeout=task_block.download_timeout,
)
LOG.info(
"Created a new task for workflow run",
workflow_id=workflow.workflow_id,
workflow_run_id=workflow_run.workflow_run_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
url=task.url,
title=task.title,
proxy_location=task.proxy_location,
task_order=task_order,
task_retry=task_retry,
)
# Update task status to running
task = await app.DATABASE.update_task(
task_id=task.task_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
status=TaskStatus.running,
)
step = await app.DATABASE.create_step(
task.task_id,
order=0,
retry_index=0,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
)
LOG.info(
"Created new step for workflow run",
workflow_id=workflow.workflow_id,
workflow_run_id=workflow_run.workflow_run_id,
order=step.order,
retry_index=step.retry_index,
)
return task, step
async def create_task(self, task_request: TaskRequest, organization_id: str) -> Task:
webhook_callback_url = str(task_request.webhook_callback_url) if task_request.webhook_callback_url else None
totp_verification_url = str(task_request.totp_verification_url) if task_request.totp_verification_url else None
# validate browser session id
if task_request.browser_session_id:
browser_session = await app.DATABASE.get_persistent_browser_session(
session_id=task_request.browser_session_id,
organization_id=organization_id,
)
if not browser_session:
raise BrowserSessionNotFound(browser_session_id=task_request.browser_session_id)
task = await app.DATABASE.create_task(
url=str(task_request.url),
title=task_request.title,
webhook_callback_url=webhook_callback_url,
totp_verification_url=totp_verification_url,
totp_identifier=task_request.totp_identifier,
navigation_goal=task_request.navigation_goal,
complete_criterion=task_request.complete_criterion,
terminate_criterion=task_request.terminate_criterion,
data_extraction_goal=task_request.data_extraction_goal,
navigation_payload=task_request.navigation_payload,
organization_id=organization_id,
proxy_location=task_request.proxy_location,
extracted_information_schema=task_request.extracted_information_schema,
error_code_mapping=task_request.error_code_mapping,
application=task_request.application,
include_action_history_in_verification=task_request.include_action_history_in_verification,
model=task_request.model,
max_screenshot_scrolling_times=task_request.max_screenshot_scrolls,
extra_http_headers=task_request.extra_http_headers,
browser_session_id=task_request.browser_session_id,
browser_address=task_request.browser_address,
)
LOG.info(
"Created new task",
task_id=task.task_id,
url=task.url,
proxy_location=task.proxy_location,
organization_id=organization_id,
)
return task
async def register_async_operations(self, organization: Organization, task: Task, page: Page) -> None:
operations = await app.AGENT_FUNCTION.generate_async_operations(organization, task, page)
self.async_operation_pool.add_operations(task.task_id, operations)
@TraceManager.traced_async(
ignore_inputs=["api_key", "close_browser_on_completion", "task_block", "cua_response", "llm_caller"]
)
async def execute_step(
self,
organization: Organization,
task: Task,
step: Step,
api_key: str | None = None,
close_browser_on_completion: bool = True,
task_block: BaseTaskBlock | None = None,
browser_session_id: str | None = None,
complete_verification: bool = True,
engine: RunEngine = RunEngine.skyvern_v1,
cua_response: OpenAIResponse | None = None,
llm_caller: LLMCaller | None = None,
) -> Tuple[Step, DetailedAgentStepOutput | None, Step | None]:
# set the step_id and task_id in the context
context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
context.step_id = step.step_id
context.task_id = task.task_id
# do not need to do complete verification when it's a CUA task
# 1. CUA executes only one action step by step -- it's pretty less likely to have a hallucination for completion or forget to return a complete
# 2. It will significantly slow down CUA tasks
if engine in CUA_ENGINES:
complete_verification = False
close_browser_on_completion = (
close_browser_on_completion and browser_session_id is None and not task.browser_address
)
workflow_run: WorkflowRun | None = None
if task.workflow_run_id:
workflow_run = await app.DATABASE.get_workflow_run(
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
organization_id=organization.organization_id,
)
if workflow_run and workflow_run.status == WorkflowRunStatus.canceled:
LOG.info(
"Workflow run is canceled, stopping execution inside task",
workflow_run_id=workflow_run.workflow_run_id,
)
step = await self.update_step(
step,
status=StepStatus.canceled,
is_last=True,
)
task = await self.update_task(
task,
status=TaskStatus.canceled,
)
return step, None, None
if workflow_run and workflow_run.status == WorkflowRunStatus.timed_out:
LOG.info(
"Workflow run is timed out, stopping execution inside task",
workflow_run_id=workflow_run.workflow_run_id,
)
step = await self.update_step(
step,
status=StepStatus.canceled,
is_last=True,
)
task = await self.update_task(
task,
status=TaskStatus.timed_out,
)
return step, None, None
refreshed_task = await app.DATABASE.get_task(task_id=task.task_id, organization_id=organization.organization_id)
if refreshed_task:
task = refreshed_task
if task.status == TaskStatus.canceled:
LOG.info(
"Task is canceled, stopping execution",
task_id=task.task_id,
)
step = await self.update_step(
step,
status=StepStatus.canceled,
is_last=True,
)
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=step,
api_key=api_key,
need_call_webhook=True,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
)
return step, None, None
override_max_steps_per_run = context.max_steps_override or None
max_steps_per_run = (
override_max_steps_per_run
or task.max_steps_per_run
or organization.max_steps_per_run
or settings.MAX_STEPS_PER_RUN
)
if max_steps_per_run and task.max_steps_per_run != max_steps_per_run:
await app.DATABASE.update_task(
task_id=task.task_id,
organization_id=organization.organization_id,
max_steps_per_run=max_steps_per_run,
)
next_step: Step | None = None
detailed_output: DetailedAgentStepOutput | None = None
list_files_before: list[str] = []
try:
if task.workflow_run_id:
list_files_before = list_files_in_directory(
get_path_for_workflow_download_directory(
context.run_id if context and context.run_id else task.workflow_run_id
)
)
if task.browser_session_id:
browser_session_downloaded_files = await app.STORAGE.list_downloaded_files_in_browser_session(
organization_id=organization.organization_id,
browser_session_id=task.browser_session_id,
)
list_files_before = list_files_before + browser_session_downloaded_files
# Check some conditions before executing the step, throw an exception if the step can't be executed
await app.AGENT_FUNCTION.validate_step_execution(task, step)
(
step,
browser_state,
detailed_output,
) = await self.initialize_execution_state(task, step, workflow_run, browser_session_id)
# mark step as completed and mark task as completed
if (
not task.navigation_goal
and not task.data_extraction_goal
and not task.complete_criterion
and not task.terminate_criterion
):
# most likely a GOTO_URL task block
page = await browser_state.must_get_working_page()
current_url = page.url
if current_url.rstrip("/") != task.url.rstrip("/"):
await page.goto(task.url)
step = await self.update_step(
step, status=StepStatus.completed, is_last=True, output=AgentStepOutput(action_results=[])
)
task = await self.update_task(task, status=TaskStatus.completed)
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=step,
api_key=api_key,
need_call_webhook=True,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
)
return step, detailed_output, None
if page := await browser_state.get_working_page():
await self.register_async_operations(organization, task, page)
if engine == RunEngine.anthropic_cua and not llm_caller:
# see if the llm_caller is already set in memory
llm_caller = LLMCallerManager.get_llm_caller(task.task_id)
if not llm_caller:
# if not, create a new llm_caller
llm_key = task.llm_key
llm_caller = LLMCaller(
llm_key=llm_key or settings.ANTHROPIC_CUA_LLM_KEY, screenshot_scaling_enabled=True
)
if engine == RunEngine.ui_tars and not llm_caller:
# see if the llm_caller is already set in memory
llm_caller = LLMCallerManager.get_llm_caller(task.task_id)
if not llm_caller:
# create a new UI-TARS llm_caller
llm_key = task.llm_key or settings.VOLCENGINE_CUA_LLM_KEY
ui_tars_llm_caller = UITarsLLMCaller(llm_key=llm_key, screenshot_scaling_enabled=True)
ui_tars_llm_caller.initialize_conversation(task)
llm_caller = ui_tars_llm_caller
# TODO: remove the code after migrating everything to llm callers
# currently, only anthropic cua and ui_tars tasks use llm_caller
if engine in [RunEngine.anthropic_cua, RunEngine.ui_tars] and llm_caller:
LLMCallerManager.set_llm_caller(task.task_id, llm_caller)
step, detailed_output = await self.agent_step(
task,
step,
browser_state,
organization=organization,
task_block=task_block,
complete_verification=complete_verification,
engine=engine,
cua_response=cua_response,
llm_caller=llm_caller,
)
await app.AGENT_FUNCTION.post_step_execution(task, step)
task = await self.update_task_errors_from_detailed_output(task, detailed_output) # type: ignore
retry = False
if task_block and task_block.complete_on_download and task.workflow_run_id:
workflow_download_directory = get_path_for_workflow_download_directory(
context.run_id if context and context.run_id else task.workflow_run_id
)
downloading_files = list_downloading_files_in_directory(workflow_download_directory)
if task.browser_session_id:
browser_session_downloading_files = await app.STORAGE.list_downloading_files_in_browser_session(
organization_id=organization.organization_id,
browser_session_id=task.browser_session_id,
)
downloading_files = downloading_files + browser_session_downloading_files
if len(downloading_files) > 0:
LOG.info(
"Detecting files are still downloading, waiting for files to be completely downloaded.",
downloading_files=downloading_files,
)
try:
await wait_for_download_finished(
downloading_files=downloading_files,
timeout=task_block.download_timeout or BROWSER_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT,
)
except DownloadFileMaxWaitingTime as e:
LOG.warning(
"There're several long-time downloading files, these files might be broken",
downloading_files=e.downloading_files,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
)
list_files_after = list_files_in_directory(workflow_download_directory)
if task.browser_session_id:
browser_session_downloaded_files_after = await app.STORAGE.list_downloaded_files_in_browser_session(
organization_id=organization.organization_id,
browser_session_id=task.browser_session_id,
)
list_files_after = list_files_after + browser_session_downloaded_files_after
if len(list_files_after) > len(list_files_before):
files_to_rename = list(set(list_files_after) - set(list_files_before))
for file in files_to_rename:
if file.startswith("s3://"):
file_data = await aws_client.download_file(file, log_exception=False)
if not file_data:
continue
file = file.split("/")[-1] # Extract filename from the end of S3 URI
with open(os.path.join(workflow_download_directory, file), "wb") as f:
f.write(file_data)
file_extension = Path(file).suffix
if file_extension == BROWSER_DOWNLOADING_SUFFIX:
LOG.warning(
"Detecting incompleted download file, skip the rename",
file=file,
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
)
continue
if task_block.download_suffix:
# Use download_suffix as the complete filename (without extension)
final_file_name = task_block.download_suffix
else:
# Fallback to random filename if no download_suffix provided
random_file_id = "".join(random.choices(string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits, k=4))
final_file_name = f"download-{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S%f')}-{random_file_id}"
# Check if file with this name already exists
final_file_name = final_file_name
target_path = os.path.join(workflow_download_directory, final_file_name + file_extension)
counter = 1
while os.path.exists(target_path):
# If file exists, append counter to filename
final_file_name = f"{final_file_name}_{counter}"
target_path = os.path.join(workflow_download_directory, final_file_name + file_extension)
counter += 1
rename_file(os.path.join(workflow_download_directory, file), final_file_name + file_extension)
LOG.info(
"Task marked as completed due to download",
task_id=task.task_id,
num_files_before=len(list_files_before),
num_files_after=len(list_files_after),
new_files=files_to_rename,
)
last_step = await self.update_step(step, is_last=True)
completed_task = await self.update_task(
task,
status=TaskStatus.completed,
)
await self.clean_up_task(
task=completed_task,
last_step=last_step,
api_key=api_key,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
)
return last_step, detailed_output, None
# If the step failed, mark the step as failed and retry
if step.status == StepStatus.failed:
maybe_next_step = await self.handle_failed_step(organization, task, step)
# If there is no next step, it means that the task has failed
if maybe_next_step:
next_step = maybe_next_step
retry = True
else:
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=step,
api_key=api_key,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
)
return step, detailed_output, None
elif step.status == StepStatus.completed:
# TODO (kerem): keep the task object uptodate at all times so that clean_up_task can just use it
(
is_task_completed,
maybe_last_step,
maybe_next_step,
) = await self.handle_completed_step(
organization=organization,
task=task,
step=step,
page=await browser_state.get_working_page(),
task_block=task_block,
browser_state=browser_state,
scraped_page=detailed_output.scraped_page if detailed_output else None,
engine=engine,
complete_verification=complete_verification,
)
if is_task_completed is not None and maybe_last_step:
last_step = maybe_last_step
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=last_step,
api_key=api_key,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
)
return last_step, detailed_output, None
elif maybe_next_step:
next_step = maybe_next_step
retry = False
else:
LOG.error(
"Step completed but task is not completed and next step is not created.",
is_task_completed=is_task_completed,
maybe_last_step=maybe_last_step,
maybe_next_step=maybe_next_step,
)
else:
LOG.error(
"Unexpected step status after agent_step",
step_status=step.status,
)
cua_response_param = detailed_output.cua_response if detailed_output else None
if not cua_response_param and cua_response:
cua_response_param = cua_response
if retry and next_step:
return await self.execute_step(
organization,
task,
next_step,
api_key=api_key,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
task_block=task_block,
complete_verification=complete_verification,
engine=engine,
cua_response=cua_response_param,
llm_caller=llm_caller,
)
elif settings.execute_all_steps() and next_step:
return await self.execute_step(
organization,
task,
next_step,
api_key=api_key,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
task_block=task_block,
complete_verification=complete_verification,
engine=engine,
cua_response=cua_response_param,
llm_caller=llm_caller,
)
else:
LOG.info(
"Step executed but continuous execution is disabled.",
is_cloud_env=settings.is_cloud_environment(),
execute_all_steps=settings.execute_all_steps(),
next_step_id=next_step.step_id if next_step else None,
)
return step, detailed_output, next_step
# TODO (kerem): Let's add other exceptions that we know about here as custom exceptions as well
except StepUnableToExecuteError:
LOG.exception("Step cannot be executed. Task execution stopped")
raise
except TaskAlreadyTimeout:
LOG.warning("Task is timed out, stopping execution")
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=step,
api_key=api_key,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
)
return step, detailed_output, None
except StepTerminationError as e:
LOG.warning(
"Step cannot be executed, marking task as failed",
exc_info=True,
)
is_task_marked_as_failed = await self.fail_task(task, step, e.message)
if is_task_marked_as_failed:
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=step,
api_key=api_key,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
)
else:
LOG.warning("Task isn't marked as failed, after step termination. NOT clean up the task")
return step, detailed_output, None
except FailedToSendWebhook:
LOG.exception(
"Failed to send webhook",
task=task,
step=step,
)
return step, detailed_output, next_step
except FailedToNavigateToUrl as e:
# Fail the task if we can't navigate to the URL and send the response
LOG.exception(
"Failed to navigate to URL, marking task as failed, and sending webhook response",
url=e.url,
)
failure_reason = f"Failed to navigate to URL. URL:{e.url}, Error:{e.error_message}"
is_task_marked_as_failed = await self.fail_task(task, step, failure_reason)
if is_task_marked_as_failed:
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=step,
api_key=api_key,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
need_final_screenshot=False,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
)
else:
LOG.warning("Task isn't marked as failed, after navigation failure. NOT clean up the task")
return step, detailed_output, next_step
except TaskAlreadyCanceled:
LOG.info(
"Task is already canceled, stopping execution",
task_id=task.task_id,
)
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=step,
api_key=api_key,
need_call_webhook=False,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
)
return step, detailed_output, None
except InvalidTaskStatusTransition:
LOG.warning("Invalid task status transition")
# TODO: shall we send task response here?
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=step,
api_key=api_key,
need_call_webhook=False,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
)
return step, detailed_output, None
except (UnsupportedActionType, UnsupportedTaskType, FailedToParseActionInstruction) as e:
LOG.warning(
"unsupported task type or action type, marking the task as failed",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
)
await self.fail_task(task, step, e.message)
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=step,
api_key=api_key,
need_call_webhook=False,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
)
return step, detailed_output, None
except ScrapingFailed as sfe:
LOG.warning(
"Scraping failed, marking the task as failed",
exc_info=True,
)
await self.fail_task(
task,
step,
sfe.reason
or "Skyvern failed to load the website. This usually happens when the website is not properly designed, and crashes the browser as a result.",
)
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=step,
api_key=api_key,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
)
return step, detailed_output, None
except Exception as e:
LOG.exception("Got an unexpected exception in step, marking task as failed")
failure_reason = f"Unexpected error: {str(e)}"
if isinstance(e, SkyvernException):
failure_reason = f"unexpected SkyvernException({e.__class__.__name__}): {str(e)}"
is_task_marked_as_failed = await self.fail_task(task, step, failure_reason)
if is_task_marked_as_failed:
await self.clean_up_task(
task=task,
last_step=step,
api_key=api_key,
close_browser_on_completion=close_browser_on_completion,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
)
else:
LOG.warning("Task isn't marked as failed, after unexpected exception. NOT clean up the task")
return step, detailed_output, None
finally:
# remove the step_id from the context
context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
context.step_id = None
context.task_id = None
async def fail_task(self, task: Task, step: Step | None, reason: str | None) -> bool:
try:
if step is not None:
await self.update_step(
step=step,
status=StepStatus.failed,
)
await self.update_task(
task,
status=TaskStatus.failed,
failure_reason=reason,
)
return True
except TaskAlreadyCanceled:
LOG.info(
"Task is already canceled. Can't fail the task.",
)
return False
except InvalidTaskStatusTransition:
LOG.warning(
"Invalid task status transition while failing a task",
)
return False
except Exception:
LOG.exception(
"Failed to update status and failure reason in database. Task might going to be time_out",
reason=reason,
)
return True
@TraceManager.traced_async(
ignore_inputs=["browser_state", "organization", "task_block", "cua_response", "llm_caller"]
)
async def agent_step(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
browser_state: BrowserState,
engine: RunEngine = RunEngine.skyvern_v1,
organization: Organization | None = None,
task_block: BaseTaskBlock | None = None,
complete_verification: bool = True,
cua_response: OpenAIResponse | None = None,
llm_caller: LLMCaller | None = None,
) -> tuple[Step, DetailedAgentStepOutput]:
detailed_agent_step_output = DetailedAgentStepOutput(
scraped_page=None,
extract_action_prompt=None,
llm_response=None,
actions=None,
action_results=None,
actions_and_results=None,
cua_response=None,
)
try:
LOG.info(
"Starting agent step",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
)
# Update context with step_id for auto action/screenshot creation
context = skyvern_context.current()
if context:
context.step_id = step.step_id
step = await self.update_step(step=step, status=StepStatus.running)
await app.AGENT_FUNCTION.prepare_step_execution(
organization=organization, task=task, step=step, browser_state=browser_state
)
(
scraped_page,
extract_action_prompt,
use_caching,
) = await self.build_and_record_step_prompt(
task,
step,
browser_state,
engine,
)
detailed_agent_step_output.scraped_page = scraped_page
detailed_agent_step_output.extract_action_prompt = extract_action_prompt
json_response = None
actions: list[Action]
if engine == RunEngine.openai_cua:
actions, new_cua_response = await self._generate_cua_actions(
task=task,
step=step,
scraped_page=scraped_page,
previous_response=cua_response,
engine=engine,
)
detailed_agent_step_output.cua_response = new_cua_response
elif engine == RunEngine.anthropic_cua:
assert llm_caller is not None
actions = await self._generate_anthropic_actions(
task=task,
step=step,
scraped_page=scraped_page,
llm_caller=llm_caller,
)
elif engine == RunEngine.ui_tars and not await app.EXPERIMENTATION_PROVIDER.is_feature_enabled_cached(
"DISABLE_UI_TARS_CUA",
task.workflow_run_id or task.task_id,
properties={"organization_id": task.organization_id},
):
assert llm_caller is not None
actions = await self._generate_ui_tars_actions(
task=task,
step=step,
scraped_page=scraped_page,
llm_caller=llm_caller,
)
else:
using_cached_action_plan = False
if not task.navigation_goal and not isinstance(task_block, ValidationBlock):
actions = [await self.create_extract_action(task, step, scraped_page)]
elif (
task_block
and task_block.cache_actions
and (actions := await retrieve_action_plan(task, step, scraped_page))
):
using_cached_action_plan = True
else:
llm_key_override = task.llm_key
# FIXME: Redundant engine check?
if engine in CUA_ENGINES:
self.async_operation_pool.run_operation(task.task_id, AgentPhase.llm)
llm_key_override = None
llm_api_handler = LLMAPIHandlerFactory.get_override_llm_api_handler(
llm_key_override, default=app.LLM_API_HANDLER
)
# Add caching flag to context for monitoring
if use_caching:
context = skyvern_context.current()
if context:
context.use_prompt_caching = True
json_response = await llm_api_handler(
prompt=extract_action_prompt,
prompt_name="extract-actions",
step=step,
screenshots=scraped_page.screenshots,
)
try:
otp_json_response, otp_actions = await self.handle_potential_OTP_actions(
task, step, scraped_page, browser_state, json_response
)
if otp_actions:
detailed_agent_step_output.llm_response = otp_json_response
actions = otp_actions
else:
actions = parse_actions(
task, step.step_id, step.order, scraped_page, json_response["actions"]
)
if context:
context.pop_totp_code(task.task_id)
except NoTOTPVerificationCodeFound:
actions = [
TerminateAction(
organization_id=task.organization_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
step_id=step.step_id,
step_order=step.order,
action_order=0,
reasoning="No TOTP verification code found. Going to terminate.",
intention="No TOTP verification code found. Going to terminate.",
errors=[TimeoutGetTOTPVerificationCodeError().to_user_defined_error()],
)
]
except FailedToGetTOTPVerificationCode as e:
actions = [
TerminateAction(
reasoning=f"Failed to get TOTP verification code. Going to terminate. Reason: {e.reason}",
intention=f"Failed to get TOTP verification code. Going to terminate. Reason: {e.reason}",
organization_id=task.organization_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
step_id=step.step_id,
step_order=step.order,
action_order=0,
errors=[GetTOTPVerificationCodeError(reason=e.reason).to_user_defined_error()],
)
]
detailed_agent_step_output.actions = actions
if len(actions) == 0:
LOG.info(
"No actions to execute, marking step as failed",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
)
step = await self.update_step(
step=step,
status=StepStatus.failed,
output=detailed_agent_step_output.to_agent_step_output(),
)
return step, detailed_agent_step_output
# Execute the actions
LOG.info(
"Executing actions",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
actions=actions,
)
action_results: list[ActionResult] = []
detailed_agent_step_output.action_results = action_results
# filter out wait action if there are other actions in the list
# we do this because WAIT action is considered as a failure
# which will block following actions if we don't remove it from the list
# if the list only contains WAIT action, we will execute WAIT action(s)
if len(actions) > 1:
wait_actions_to_skip = [action for action in actions if action.action_type == ActionType.WAIT]
wait_actions_len = len(wait_actions_to_skip)
# if there are wait actions and there are other actions in the list, skip wait actions
# if we are using cached action plan, we don't skip wait actions
if wait_actions_len > 0 and wait_actions_len < len(actions) and not using_cached_action_plan:
actions = [action for action in actions if action.action_type != ActionType.WAIT]
LOG.info(
"Skipping wait actions",
wait_actions_to_skip=wait_actions_to_skip,
actions=actions,
)
# initialize list of tuples and set actions as the first element of each tuple so that in the case
# of an exception, we can still see all the actions
detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results = [(action, []) for action in actions]
# build a linked action chain by the action_idx
action_linked_list: list[ActionLinkedNode] = []
element_id_to_action_index: dict[str, int] = dict()
for action_idx, action in enumerate(actions):
node = ActionLinkedNode(action=action)
action_linked_list.append(node)
if not isinstance(action, WebAction):
continue
previous_action_idx = element_id_to_action_index.get(action.element_id)
if previous_action_idx is not None:
previous_node = action_linked_list[previous_action_idx]
previous_node.next = node
element_id_to_action_index[action.element_id] = action_idx
element_id_to_last_action: dict[str, int] = dict()
for action_idx, action_node in enumerate(action_linked_list):
context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
if context.refresh_working_page:
LOG.warning(
"Detected the signal to reload the page, going to reload and skip the rest of the actions",
step_order=step.order,
)
await browser_state.reload_page()
context.refresh_working_page = False
action_result = ActionSuccess()
action_result.step_order = step.order
action_result.step_retry_number = step.retry_index
action = ReloadPageAction(
reasoning="Something wrong with the current page, reload to continue",
status=ActionStatus.completed,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
step_id=step.step_id,
step_order=step.order,
action_order=action_idx,
)
detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results[action_idx] = (action, [action_result])
await app.DATABASE.create_action(action=action)
await self.record_artifacts_after_action(task, step, browser_state, engine)
break
action = action_node.action
if isinstance(action, WebAction):
previous_action_idx = element_id_to_last_action.get(action.element_id)
if previous_action_idx is not None:
LOG.warning(
"Duplicate action element id.",
step_order=step.order,
action=action,
)
previous_action, previous_result = detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results[
previous_action_idx
]
if len(previous_result) > 0 and previous_result[-1].success:
LOG.info(
"Previous action succeeded, but we'll still continue.",
step_order=step.order,
previous_action=previous_action,
previous_result=previous_result,
)
else:
LOG.warning(
"Previous action failed, so handle the next action.",
step_order=step.order,
previous_action=previous_action,
previous_result=previous_result,
)
element_id_to_last_action[action.element_id] = action_idx
if engine != RunEngine.openai_cua:
self.async_operation_pool.run_operation(task.task_id, AgentPhase.action)
current_page = await browser_state.must_get_working_page()
if isinstance(action, CompleteAction) and not complete_verification:
# Do not verify the complete action when complete_verification is False
# set verified to True will skip the completion verification
action.verified = True
# Pass TOTP secret to handler for multi-field TOTP sequences
# Handler will generate TOTP at execution time
if (
action.action_type == ActionType.INPUT_TEXT
and self._is_multi_field_totp_sequence(actions)
and (totp_secret := skyvern_context.ensure_context().totp_codes.get(f"{task.task_id}_secret"))
):
# Pass TOTP secret to handler for execution-time generation
action.totp_timing_info = {
"is_totp_sequence": True,
"action_index": action_idx,
"totp_secret": totp_secret,
"is_retry": step.retry_index > 0,
}
results = await ActionHandler.handle_action(scraped_page, task, step, current_page, action)
await app.AGENT_FUNCTION.post_action_execution(action)
detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results[action_idx] = (
action,
results,
)
# Determine wait time between actions
wait_time = random.uniform(0.5, 1.0)
# For multi-field TOTP sequences, use zero delay between all digits for fast execution
if action.action_type == ActionType.INPUT_TEXT and self._is_multi_field_totp_sequence(actions):
current_text = action.text if hasattr(action, "text") else None
if current_text and len(current_text) == 1 and current_text.isdigit():
# Zero delay between all TOTP digits for fast execution
wait_time = 0.0
LOG.debug(
"TOTP: zero delay for digit",
task_id=task.task_id,
action_idx=action_idx,
digit=current_text,
)
await asyncio.sleep(wait_time)
await self.record_artifacts_after_action(task, step, browser_state, engine)
for result in results:
result.step_retry_number = step.retry_index
result.step_order = step.order
step.output = detailed_agent_step_output.to_agent_step_output()
action_results.extend(results)
# Check the last result for this action. If that succeeded, assume the entire action is successful
if results and results[-1].success:
LOG.info(
"Action succeeded",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
action_idx=action_idx,
action=action,
action_result=results,
)
if results[-1].skip_remaining_actions:
LOG.warning(
"Going to stop executing the remaining actions",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
action_idx=action_idx,
action=action,
action_result=results,
)
break
elif results and isinstance(action, DecisiveAction):
LOG.warning(
"DecisiveAction failed, but not stopping execution and not retrying the step",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
action_idx=action_idx,
action=action,
action_result=results,
)
elif results and not results[-1].success and not results[-1].stop_execution_on_failure:
LOG.warning(
"Action failed, but not stopping execution",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
action_idx=action_idx,
action=action,
action_result=results,
)
else:
if action_node.next is not None:
LOG.warning(
"Action failed, but have duplicated element id in the action list. Continue excuting.",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
action_idx=action_idx,
action=action,
next_action=action_node.next.action,
action_result=results,
)
continue
LOG.warning(
"Action failed, marking step as failed",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
action_idx=action_idx,
action=action,
action_result=results,
actions_and_results=detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results,
)
# if the action failed, don't execute the rest of the actions, mark the step as failed, and retry
failed_step = await self.update_step(
step=step,
status=StepStatus.failed,
output=detailed_agent_step_output.to_agent_step_output(),
)
return failed_step, detailed_agent_step_output.get_clean_detailed_output()
LOG.info(
"Actions executed successfully, marking step as completed",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
action_results=action_results,
)
# Clean up TOTP cache after multi-field TOTP sequence completion
if self._is_multi_field_totp_sequence(actions):
context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
cache_key = f"{task.task_id}_totp_cache"
if cache_key in context.totp_codes:
context.totp_codes.pop(cache_key)
LOG.debug(
"Cleaned up TOTP cache after multi-field sequence completion",
task_id=task.task_id,
)
secret_key = f"{task.task_id}_secret"
if secret_key in context.totp_codes:
context.totp_codes.pop(secret_key)
# Check if Skyvern already returned a complete action, if so, don't run user goal check
has_decisive_action = False
if detailed_agent_step_output and detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results:
for action, results in detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results:
if isinstance(action, DecisiveAction):
has_decisive_action = True
break
task_completes_on_download = task_block and task_block.complete_on_download and task.workflow_run_id
if (
not has_decisive_action
and not task_completes_on_download
and not isinstance(task_block, ActionBlock)
and complete_verification
and (task.navigation_goal or task.complete_criterion)
):
disable_user_goal_check = await app.EXPERIMENTATION_PROVIDER.is_feature_enabled_cached(
"DISABLE_USER_GOAL_CHECK",
task.task_id,
properties={"task_url": task.url, "organization_id": task.organization_id},
)
# Check if parallel verification is enabled
distinct_id = task.workflow_run_id if task.workflow_run_id else task.task_id
enable_parallel_verification = await app.EXPERIMENTATION_PROVIDER.is_feature_enabled_cached(
"ENABLE_PARALLEL_USER_GOAL_CHECK",
distinct_id,
properties={"organization_id": task.organization_id, "task_url": task.url},
)
if not disable_user_goal_check and not enable_parallel_verification:
# Standard synchronous verification
working_page = await browser_state.must_get_working_page()
complete_action = await self.check_user_goal_complete(
page=working_page,
scraped_page=scraped_page,
task=task,
step=step,
)
if complete_action is not None:
LOG.info("User goal achieved, executing complete action")
complete_action.organization_id = task.organization_id
complete_action.workflow_run_id = task.workflow_run_id
complete_action.task_id = task.task_id
complete_action.step_id = step.step_id
complete_action.step_order = step.order
complete_action.action_order = len(detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results)
complete_results = await ActionHandler.handle_action(
scraped_page, task, step, working_page, complete_action
)
detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results.append((complete_action, complete_results))
await self.record_artifacts_after_action(task, step, browser_state, engine)
elif enable_parallel_verification:
# Parallel verification enabled - defer check to handle_completed_step
LOG.info(
"Parallel verification enabled, deferring user goal check to handle_completed_step",
step_id=step.step_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
)
# if the last action is complete and is successful, check if there's a data extraction goal
# if task has navigation goal and extraction goal at the same time, handle ExtractAction before marking step as completed
if (
task.navigation_goal
and task.data_extraction_goal
and self.step_has_completed_goal(detailed_agent_step_output)
):
working_page = await browser_state.must_get_working_page()
# refresh task in case the extracted information is updated previously
refreshed_task = await app.DATABASE.get_task(task.task_id, task.organization_id)
assert refreshed_task is not None
task = refreshed_task
extract_action = await self.create_extract_action(task, step, scraped_page)
extract_results = await ActionHandler.handle_action(
scraped_page, task, step, working_page, extract_action
)
await app.AGENT_FUNCTION.post_action_execution(extract_action)
detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results.append((extract_action, extract_results))
# If no action errors return the agent state and output
completed_step = await self.update_step(
step=step,
status=StepStatus.completed,
output=detailed_agent_step_output.to_agent_step_output(),
)
return completed_step, detailed_agent_step_output.get_clean_detailed_output()
except CancelledError:
LOG.exception(
"CancelledError in agent_step, marking step as failed",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
)
detailed_agent_step_output.step_exception = "CancelledError"
failed_step = await self.update_step(
step=step,
status=StepStatus.failed,
output=detailed_agent_step_output.to_agent_step_output(),
)
return failed_step, detailed_agent_step_output.get_clean_detailed_output()
except (
UnsupportedActionType,
UnsupportedTaskType,
FailedToParseActionInstruction,
ScrapingFailed,
):
raise
except Exception as e:
LOG.exception(
"Unexpected exception in agent_step, marking step as failed",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
)
detailed_agent_step_output.step_exception = e.__class__.__name__
failed_step = await self.update_step(
step=step,
status=StepStatus.failed,
output=detailed_agent_step_output.to_agent_step_output(),
)
return failed_step, detailed_agent_step_output.get_clean_detailed_output()
async def _generate_cua_actions(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
scraped_page: ScrapedPage,
previous_response: OpenAIResponse | None = None,
engine: RunEngine = RunEngine.openai_cua,
) -> tuple[list[Action], OpenAIResponse | None]:
if not previous_response:
# this is the first step
first_response: OpenAIResponse = await app.OPENAI_CLIENT.responses.create(
model="computer-use-preview",
tools=[
{
"type": "computer_use_preview",
"display_width": settings.BROWSER_WIDTH,
"display_height": settings.BROWSER_HEIGHT,
"environment": "browser",
}
],
input=[
{
"role": "user",
"content": task.navigation_goal,
}
],
reasoning={
"generate_summary": "concise",
},
truncation="auto",
temperature=0,
)
previous_response = first_response
input_tokens = first_response.usage.input_tokens or 0
output_tokens = first_response.usage.output_tokens or 0
first_response.usage.total_tokens or 0
cached_tokens = first_response.usage.input_tokens_details.cached_tokens or 0
reasoning_tokens = first_response.usage.output_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens or 0
llm_cost = (3.0 / 1000000) * input_tokens + (12.0 / 1000000) * output_tokens
await app.DATABASE.update_step(
task_id=task.task_id,
step_id=step.step_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
incremental_cost=llm_cost,
incremental_input_tokens=input_tokens if input_tokens > 0 else None,
incremental_output_tokens=output_tokens if output_tokens > 0 else None,
incremental_reasoning_tokens=reasoning_tokens if reasoning_tokens > 0 else None,
incremental_cached_tokens=cached_tokens if cached_tokens > 0 else None,
)
if not scraped_page.screenshots:
return [], previous_response
computer_calls = [item for item in previous_response.output if item.type == "computer_call"]
reasonings = [item for item in previous_response.output if item.type == "reasoning"]
assistant_messages = [
item for item in previous_response.output if item.type == "message" and item.role == "assistant"
]
last_call_id = None
if computer_calls:
last_call_id = computer_calls[-1].call_id
screenshot_base64 = base64.b64encode(scraped_page.screenshots[0]).decode("utf-8")
if last_call_id is None:
current_context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
resp_content = None
if task.task_id in current_context.totp_codes:
verification_code = current_context.totp_codes[task.task_id]
current_context.totp_codes.pop(task.task_id)
LOG.info(
"Using verification code from context",
task_id=task.task_id,
verification_code=verification_code,
)
resp_content = f"Here is the verification code: {verification_code}"
else:
# try address the conversation with the context we have
reasoning = reasonings[0].summary[0].text if reasonings and reasonings[0].summary else None
assistant_message = assistant_messages[0].content[0].text if assistant_messages else None
skyvern_repsonse_prompt = load_prompt_with_elements(
element_tree_builder=scraped_page,
prompt_engine=prompt_engine,
template_name="cua-answer-question",
navigation_goal=task.navigation_goal,
assistant_reasoning=reasoning,
assistant_message=assistant_message,
)
skyvern_response = await app.LLM_API_HANDLER(
prompt=skyvern_repsonse_prompt,
prompt_name="cua-answer-question",
step=step,
screenshots=scraped_page.screenshots,
)
LOG.info("Skyvern response to CUA question", skyvern_response=skyvern_response)
resp_content = skyvern_response.get("answer")
if not resp_content:
resp_content = "I don't know. Can you help me make the best decision to achieve the goal?"
current_response = await app.OPENAI_CLIENT.responses.create(
model="computer-use-preview",
previous_response_id=previous_response.id,
tools=[
{
"type": "computer_use_preview",
"display_width": settings.BROWSER_WIDTH,
"display_height": settings.BROWSER_HEIGHT,
"environment": "browser",
}
],
input=[
{"role": "user", "content": resp_content},
],
reasoning={"generate_summary": "concise"},
truncation="auto",
temperature=0,
)
else:
last_computer_call = computer_calls[-1]
computer_call_input = {
"call_id": last_call_id,
"type": "computer_call_output",
"output": {
"type": "input_image",
"image_url": f"data:image/png;base64,{screenshot_base64}",
},
}
if last_computer_call.pending_safety_checks:
pending_checks = [check.model_dump() for check in last_computer_call.pending_safety_checks]
computer_call_input["acknowledged_safety_checks"] = pending_checks
current_response = await app.OPENAI_CLIENT.responses.create(
model="computer-use-preview",
previous_response_id=previous_response.id,
tools=[
{
"type": "computer_use_preview",
"display_width": settings.BROWSER_WIDTH,
"display_height": settings.BROWSER_HEIGHT,
"environment": "browser",
}
],
input=[computer_call_input],
reasoning={
"generate_summary": "concise",
},
truncation="auto",
temperature=0,
)
input_tokens = current_response.usage.input_tokens or 0
output_tokens = current_response.usage.output_tokens or 0
current_response.usage.total_tokens or 0
cached_tokens = current_response.usage.input_tokens_details.cached_tokens or 0
reasoning_tokens = current_response.usage.output_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens or 0
llm_cost = (3.0 / 1000000) * input_tokens + (12.0 / 1000000) * output_tokens
await app.DATABASE.update_step(
task_id=task.task_id,
step_id=step.step_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
incremental_cost=llm_cost,
incremental_input_tokens=input_tokens if input_tokens > 0 else None,
incremental_output_tokens=output_tokens if output_tokens > 0 else None,
incremental_reasoning_tokens=reasoning_tokens if reasoning_tokens > 0 else None,
incremental_cached_tokens=cached_tokens if cached_tokens > 0 else None,
)
return await parse_cua_actions(task, step, current_response), current_response
async def _generate_anthropic_actions(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
scraped_page: ScrapedPage,
llm_caller: LLMCaller,
) -> list[Action]:
LOG.info(
"Anthropic CU call starts",
tool_results=llm_caller.current_tool_results,
message_length=len(llm_caller.message_history),
)
if llm_caller.current_tool_results:
llm_caller.message_history.append({"role": "user", "content": llm_caller.current_tool_results})
llm_caller.clear_tool_results()
LOG.info(
"Anthropic CU call - appended tool result message to message history and cleared cached tool results",
message=llm_caller.current_tool_results,
message_length=len(llm_caller.message_history),
)
tools = [
{
"type": "computer_20250124",
"name": "computer",
"display_height_px": settings.BROWSER_HEIGHT,
"display_width_px": settings.BROWSER_WIDTH,
}
]
thinking = {"type": "enabled", "budget_tokens": 1024}
betas = ["computer-use-2025-01-24"]
window_dimension = cast(Resolution, scraped_page.window_dimension) if scraped_page.window_dimension else None
if not llm_caller.message_history:
llm_response = await llm_caller.call(
prompt=task.navigation_goal,
step=step,
screenshots=scraped_page.screenshots,
use_message_history=True,
tools=tools,
raw_response=True,
betas=betas,
thinking=thinking,
window_dimension=window_dimension,
)
else:
current_context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
resp_content = None
if task.task_id in current_context.totp_codes:
verification_code = current_context.totp_codes[task.task_id]
current_context.totp_codes.pop(task.task_id)
LOG.info(
"Using verification code from context for anthropic CU call",
task_id=task.task_id,
verification_code=verification_code,
)
resp_content = f"Here is the verification code: {verification_code}"
llm_response = await llm_caller.call(
prompt=resp_content,
step=step,
screenshots=scraped_page.screenshots,
use_message_history=True,
tools=tools,
raw_response=True,
betas=betas,
thinking=thinking,
window_dimension=window_dimension,
)
assistant_content = llm_response["content"]
llm_caller.message_history.append({"role": "assistant", "content": assistant_content})
actions = await parse_anthropic_actions(
task,
step,
assistant_content,
window_dimension or llm_caller.browser_window_dimension,
llm_caller.get_screenshot_resize_target_dimension(window_dimension),
)
return actions
async def _generate_ui_tars_actions(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
scraped_page: ScrapedPage,
llm_caller: LLMCaller,
) -> list[Action]:
"""Generate actions using UI-TARS (Seed1.5-VL) model through the LLMCaller pattern."""
LOG.info(
"UI-TARS action generation starts",
step_order=step.order,
)
# Ensure we have a UITarsLLMCaller instance
if not isinstance(llm_caller, UITarsLLMCaller):
raise ValueError(f"Expected UITarsLLMCaller, got {type(llm_caller)}")
# Add the current screenshot to conversation
if scraped_page.screenshots:
llm_caller.add_screenshot(scraped_page.screenshots[0])
else:
LOG.error("No screenshots found, skipping UI-TARS action generation")
raise ValueError("No screenshots found, skipping UI-TARS action generation")
# Generate response using the LLMCaller
response_content = await llm_caller.generate_ui_tars_response(step)
LOG.info(f"UI-TARS raw response: {response_content}")
window_dimension = (
cast(Resolution, scraped_page.window_dimension)
if scraped_page.window_dimension
else Resolution(width=1920, height=1080)
)
LOG.info(f"UI-TARS browser window dimension: {window_dimension}")
actions = await parse_ui_tars_actions(task, step, response_content, window_dimension)
LOG.info(
"UI-TARS action generation completed",
actions_count=len(actions),
)
return actions
async def _pre_scrape_for_next_step(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
browser_state: BrowserState,
engine: RunEngine,
) -> ScrapedPage | None:
"""
Pre-scrape the page for the next step while verification is running.
This is the expensive operation (5-10 seconds) that we want to run in parallel.
"""
try:
max_screenshot_number = settings.MAX_NUM_SCREENSHOTS
draw_boxes = True
scroll = True
if engine in CUA_ENGINES:
max_screenshot_number = 1
draw_boxes = False
scroll = False
scraped_page = await scrape_website(
browser_state,
task.url,
app.AGENT_FUNCTION.cleanup_element_tree_factory(task=task, step=step),
scrape_exclude=app.scrape_exclude,
max_screenshot_number=max_screenshot_number,
draw_boxes=draw_boxes,
scroll=scroll,
)
LOG.info(
"Pre-scraped page for next step in parallel with verification",
step_id=step.step_id,
num_elements=len(scraped_page.elements) if scraped_page else 0,
)
return scraped_page
except Exception:
LOG.warning(
"Failed to pre-scrape for next step, will re-scrape on next step execution",
step_id=step.step_id,
exc_info=True,
)
return None
async def complete_verify(
self, page: Page, scraped_page: ScrapedPage, task: Task, step: Step
) -> CompleteVerifyResult:
LOG.info(
"Checking if user goal is achieved after re-scraping the page",
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
)
scroll = True
llm_key_override = task.llm_key
if await service_utils.is_cua_task(task=task):
scroll = False
llm_key_override = None
scraped_page_refreshed = await scraped_page.refresh(draw_boxes=False, scroll=scroll)
actions_and_results_str = ""
if task.include_action_history_in_verification:
actions_and_results_str = await self._get_action_results(task, current_step=step)
verification_prompt = load_prompt_with_elements(
element_tree_builder=scraped_page_refreshed,
prompt_engine=prompt_engine,
template_name="check-user-goal",
navigation_goal=task.navigation_goal,
navigation_payload=task.navigation_payload,
complete_criterion=task.complete_criterion,
action_history=actions_and_results_str,
local_datetime=datetime.now(skyvern_context.ensure_context().tz_info).isoformat(),
)
# This prompt is critical for our agent, we probably should use the primary LLM handler
# but we're experimenting with using the dedicated check-user-goal handler
use_check_user_goal_handler = False
try:
# Use task_id or workflow_run_id as distinct_id
distinct_id = task.workflow_run_id if task.workflow_run_id else task.task_id
use_check_user_goal_handler = await app.EXPERIMENTATION_PROVIDER.is_feature_enabled_cached(
"USE_CHECK_USER_GOAL_HANDLER_FOR_VERIFICATION",
distinct_id,
properties={"organization_id": task.organization_id},
)
if use_check_user_goal_handler:
LOG.info(
"Experiment enabled: using CHECK_USER_GOAL_LLM_API_HANDLER for complete verification",
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
)
except Exception as e:
LOG.warning(
"Failed to check USE_CHECK_USER_GOAL_HANDLER_FOR_VERIFICATION experiment; using legacy behavior",
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
error=str(e),
)
if use_check_user_goal_handler:
# Use the dedicated check-user-goal handler (new behavior)
llm_api_handler = LLMAPIHandlerFactory.get_override_llm_api_handler(
llm_key_override, default=app.CHECK_USER_GOAL_LLM_API_HANDLER
)
else:
# Use the primary LLM handler (legacy behavior)
llm_api_handler = LLMAPIHandlerFactory.get_override_llm_api_handler(
llm_key_override, default=app.LLM_API_HANDLER
)
verification_result = await llm_api_handler(
prompt=verification_prompt,
step=step,
screenshots=scraped_page_refreshed.screenshots,
prompt_name="check-user-goal",
)
return CompleteVerifyResult.model_validate(verification_result)
async def check_user_goal_complete(
self, page: Page, scraped_page: ScrapedPage, task: Task, step: Step
) -> CompleteAction | None:
try:
verification_result = await self.complete_verify(
page=page,
scraped_page=scraped_page,
task=task,
step=step,
)
# We don't want to return a complete action if the user goal is not achieved since we're checking at every step
if not verification_result.user_goal_achieved:
return None
return CompleteAction(
reasoning=verification_result.thoughts,
data_extraction_goal=task.data_extraction_goal,
verified=True,
)
except Exception:
LOG.exception(
"Failed to check user goal complete, skipping",
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
)
return None
async def record_artifacts_after_action(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
browser_state: BrowserState,
engine: RunEngine,
) -> None:
working_page = await browser_state.get_working_page()
if not working_page:
raise BrowserStateMissingPage()
context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
scrolling_number = context.max_screenshot_scrolls
if scrolling_number is None:
scrolling_number = DEFAULT_MAX_SCREENSHOT_SCROLLS
if engine in CUA_ENGINES:
scrolling_number = 0
try:
screenshot = await browser_state.take_post_action_screenshot(
scrolling_number=scrolling_number,
use_playwright_fullpage=await app.EXPERIMENTATION_PROVIDER.is_feature_enabled_cached(
"ENABLE_PLAYWRIGHT_FULLPAGE",
task.workflow_run_id or task.task_id,
properties={"organization_id": task.organization_id},
),
)
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.SCREENSHOT_ACTION,
data=screenshot,
)
except Exception:
LOG.error(
"Failed to record screenshot after action",
exc_info=True,
)
try:
skyvern_frame = await SkyvernFrame.create_instance(frame=working_page)
html = await skyvern_frame.get_content()
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.HTML_ACTION,
data=html.encode(),
)
except Exception:
LOG.exception("Failed to record html after action")
try:
video_artifacts = await app.BROWSER_MANAGER.get_video_artifacts(
task_id=task.task_id, browser_state=browser_state
)
for video_artifact in video_artifacts:
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.update_artifact_data(
artifact_id=video_artifact.video_artifact_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
data=video_artifact.video_data,
)
except Exception:
LOG.exception("Failed to record video after action")
async def initialize_execution_state(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
workflow_run: WorkflowRun | None = None,
browser_session_id: str | None = None,
) -> tuple[Step, BrowserState, DetailedAgentStepOutput]:
if workflow_run:
browser_state = await app.BROWSER_MANAGER.get_or_create_for_workflow_run(
workflow_run=workflow_run,
url=task.url,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
browser_profile_id=workflow_run.browser_profile_id,
)
else:
browser_state = await app.BROWSER_MANAGER.get_or_create_for_task(
task=task,
browser_session_id=browser_session_id,
)
# Initialize video artifact for the task here, afterwards it'll only get updated
if browser_state and browser_state.browser_artifacts:
video_artifacts = await app.BROWSER_MANAGER.get_video_artifacts(
task_id=task.task_id, browser_state=browser_state
)
for idx, video_artifact in enumerate(video_artifacts):
if video_artifact.video_artifact_id:
continue
video_artifact_id = await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.RECORDING,
data=video_artifact.video_data,
)
video_artifacts[idx].video_artifact_id = video_artifact_id
app.BROWSER_MANAGER.set_video_artifact_for_task(task, video_artifacts)
detailed_output = DetailedAgentStepOutput(
scraped_page=None,
extract_action_prompt=None,
llm_response=None,
actions=None,
action_results=None,
actions_and_results=None,
step_exception=None,
)
return step, browser_state, detailed_output
async def _scrape_with_type(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
browser_state: BrowserState,
scrape_type: ScrapeType,
engine: RunEngine,
) -> ScrapedPage:
if scrape_type == ScrapeType.NORMAL:
pass
elif scrape_type == ScrapeType.STOPLOADING:
LOG.info("Try to stop loading the page before scraping")
await browser_state.stop_page_loading()
elif scrape_type == ScrapeType.RELOAD:
LOG.info("Try to reload the page before scraping")
await browser_state.reload_page()
max_screenshot_number = settings.MAX_NUM_SCREENSHOTS
draw_boxes = True
scroll = True
if engine in CUA_ENGINES:
max_screenshot_number = 1
draw_boxes = False
scroll = False
return await scrape_website(
browser_state,
task.url,
app.AGENT_FUNCTION.cleanup_element_tree_factory(task=task, step=step),
scrape_exclude=app.scrape_exclude,
max_screenshot_number=max_screenshot_number,
draw_boxes=draw_boxes,
scroll=scroll,
)
async def build_and_record_step_prompt(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
browser_state: BrowserState,
engine: RunEngine,
) -> tuple[ScrapedPage, str, bool]:
# Check if we have pre-scraped data from parallel verification optimization
context = skyvern_context.current()
scraped_page: ScrapedPage | None = None
if (
context
and context.next_step_pre_scraped_data
and context.next_step_pre_scraped_data.get("step_id") == step.step_id
):
scraped_page = context.next_step_pre_scraped_data.get("scraped_page")
if scraped_page:
timestamp = context.next_step_pre_scraped_data.get("timestamp")
age_seconds = (datetime.now(UTC) - timestamp).total_seconds() if timestamp else 0
LOG.info(
"Using pre-scraped data from parallel verification optimization",
step_id=step.step_id,
num_elements=len(scraped_page.elements),
age_seconds=age_seconds,
)
# Clear the cached data
context.next_step_pre_scraped_data = None
# If we don't have pre-scraped data, scrape normally
if scraped_page is None:
# start the async tasks while running scrape_website
if engine not in CUA_ENGINES:
self.async_operation_pool.run_operation(task.task_id, AgentPhase.scrape)
# Scrape the web page and get the screenshot and the elements
# HACK: try scrape_website three time to handle screenshot timeout
# first time: normal scrape to take screenshot
# second time: try again the normal scrape, (stopping window loading before scraping barely helps, but causing problem)
# third time: reload the page before scraping
extract_action_prompt = ""
use_caching = False
for idx, scrape_type in enumerate(SCRAPE_TYPE_ORDER):
try:
scraped_page = await self._scrape_with_type(
task=task,
step=step,
browser_state=browser_state,
scrape_type=scrape_type,
engine=engine,
)
break
except (FailedToTakeScreenshot, ScrapingFailed) as e:
if idx < len(SCRAPE_TYPE_ORDER) - 1:
continue
LOG.exception(f"{e.__class__.__name__} happened in two normal attempts and reload-page retry")
raise e
if scraped_page is None:
raise EmptyScrapePage()
extract_action_prompt = ""
use_caching = False
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.HTML_SCRAPE,
data=scraped_page.html.encode(),
)
LOG.info(
"Scraped website",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
num_elements=len(scraped_page.elements),
url=task.url,
)
# TODO: we only use HTML element for now, introduce a way to switch in the future
element_tree_format = ElementTreeFormat.HTML
element_tree_in_prompt: str = scraped_page.build_element_tree(element_tree_format)
extract_action_prompt = ""
if engine not in CUA_ENGINES:
extract_action_prompt, use_caching = await self._build_extract_action_prompt(
task,
step,
browser_state,
scraped_page,
verification_code_check=bool(task.totp_verification_url or task.totp_identifier),
expire_verification_code=True,
)
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.VISIBLE_ELEMENTS_ID_CSS_MAP,
data=json.dumps(scraped_page.id_to_css_dict, indent=2).encode(),
)
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.VISIBLE_ELEMENTS_ID_FRAME_MAP,
data=json.dumps(scraped_page.id_to_frame_dict, indent=2).encode(),
)
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.VISIBLE_ELEMENTS_TREE,
data=json.dumps(scraped_page.element_tree, indent=2).encode(),
)
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.VISIBLE_ELEMENTS_TREE_TRIMMED,
data=json.dumps(scraped_page.element_tree_trimmed, indent=2).encode(),
)
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.VISIBLE_ELEMENTS_TREE_IN_PROMPT,
data=element_tree_in_prompt.encode(),
)
return scraped_page, extract_action_prompt, use_caching
async def _build_extract_action_prompt(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
browser_state: BrowserState,
scraped_page: ScrapedPage,
verification_code_check: bool = False,
expire_verification_code: bool = False,
) -> tuple[str, bool]:
actions_and_results_str = await self._get_action_results(task)
# Generate the extract action prompt
navigation_goal = task.navigation_goal
starting_url = task.url
page = await browser_state.get_working_page()
current_url = (
await SkyvernFrame.evaluate(frame=page, expression="() => document.location.href") if page else starting_url
)
final_navigation_payload = self._build_navigation_payload(
task, expire_verification_code=expire_verification_code, step=step, scraped_page=scraped_page
)
task_type = task.task_type if task.task_type else TaskType.general
template = ""
if task_type == TaskType.general:
template = "extract-action"
elif task_type == TaskType.validation:
template = "decisive-criterion-validate"
elif task_type == TaskType.action:
prompt = prompt_engine.load_prompt(
"infer-action-type", navigation_goal=navigation_goal, prompt_name="infer-action-type"
)
llm_api_handler = LLMAPIHandlerFactory.get_override_llm_api_handler(
task.llm_key, default=app.LLM_API_HANDLER
)
json_response = await llm_api_handler(prompt=prompt, step=step, prompt_name="infer-action-type")
if json_response.get("error"):
raise FailedToParseActionInstruction(
reason=json_response.get("thought"), error_type=json_response.get("error")
)
inferred_actions: list[dict[str, Any]] = json_response.get("inferred_actions", [])
if not inferred_actions:
raise FailedToParseActionInstruction(reason=json_response.get("thought"), error_type="EMPTY_ACTION")
action_type: str = inferred_actions[0].get("action_type") or ""
action_type = ActionType[action_type.upper()]
if action_type == ActionType.CLICK:
template = "single-click-action"
elif action_type == ActionType.INPUT_TEXT:
template = "single-input-action"
elif action_type == ActionType.UPLOAD_FILE:
template = "single-upload-action"
elif action_type == ActionType.SELECT_OPTION:
template = "single-select-action"
else:
raise UnsupportedActionType(action_type=action_type)
if not template:
raise UnsupportedTaskType(task_type=task_type)
context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
# Check if prompt caching is enabled for extract-action
use_caching = False
if (
template == "extract-action"
and LLMAPIHandlerFactory._prompt_caching_settings
and LLMAPIHandlerFactory._prompt_caching_settings.get("extract-action", False)
):
try:
# Try to load split templates for caching
static_prompt = prompt_engine.load_prompt(f"{template}-static")
dynamic_prompt = prompt_engine.load_prompt(
f"{template}-dynamic",
navigation_goal=navigation_goal,
navigation_payload_str=json.dumps(final_navigation_payload),
starting_url=starting_url,
current_url=current_url,
data_extraction_goal=task.data_extraction_goal,
action_history=actions_and_results_str,
error_code_mapping_str=(json.dumps(task.error_code_mapping) if task.error_code_mapping else None),
local_datetime=datetime.now(context.tz_info).isoformat(),
verification_code_check=verification_code_check,
complete_criterion=task.complete_criterion.strip() if task.complete_criterion else None,
terminate_criterion=task.terminate_criterion.strip() if task.terminate_criterion else None,
parse_select_feature_enabled=context.enable_parse_select_in_extract,
has_magic_link_page=context.has_magic_link_page(task.task_id),
)
# Store static prompt for caching and return dynamic prompt
context.cached_static_prompt = static_prompt
use_caching = True
LOG.info("Using cached prompt for extract-action", task_id=task.task_id)
return dynamic_prompt, use_caching
except Exception as e:
LOG.warning("Failed to load cached prompt templates, falling back to original", error=str(e))
# Fall through to original behavior
# Original behavior - load full prompt
full_prompt = load_prompt_with_elements(
element_tree_builder=scraped_page,
prompt_engine=prompt_engine,
template_name=template,
navigation_goal=navigation_goal,
navigation_payload_str=json.dumps(final_navigation_payload),
starting_url=starting_url,
current_url=current_url,
data_extraction_goal=task.data_extraction_goal,
action_history=actions_and_results_str,
error_code_mapping_str=(json.dumps(task.error_code_mapping) if task.error_code_mapping else None),
local_datetime=datetime.now(context.tz_info).isoformat(),
verification_code_check=verification_code_check,
complete_criterion=task.complete_criterion.strip() if task.complete_criterion else None,
terminate_criterion=task.terminate_criterion.strip() if task.terminate_criterion else None,
parse_select_feature_enabled=context.enable_parse_select_in_extract,
has_magic_link_page=context.has_magic_link_page(task.task_id),
)
return full_prompt, use_caching
def _should_process_totp(self, scraped_page: ScrapedPage | None) -> bool:
"""Detect TOTP pages by checking for multiple input fields or verification keywords."""
if not scraped_page:
return False
try:
# Count input fields that could be for TOTP (more flexible than maxlength="1")
input_fields = [
element
for element in scraped_page.elements
if element.get("tagName", "").lower() == "input"
and element.get("attributes", {}).get("type", "text").lower() in ["text", "number", "tel"]
]
# Check for multiple input fields (potential multi-field TOTP)
if len(input_fields) >= 4:
# Additional check: look for patterns that suggest multi-field TOTP
# Check if inputs are close together or have similar attributes
has_maxlength_1 = any(elem.get("attributes", {}).get("maxlength") == "1" for elem in input_fields)
# Check for input fields with numeric patterns (type="number", pattern for digits)
has_numeric_patterns = any(
elem.get("attributes", {}).get("type") == "number"
or elem.get("attributes", {}).get("pattern", "").isdigit()
or "digit" in elem.get("attributes", {}).get("pattern", "").lower()
for elem in input_fields
)
if has_maxlength_1 or has_numeric_patterns:
return True
# Check for TOTP-related keywords in page content
page_text = scraped_page.html.lower() if scraped_page.html else ""
totp_keywords = [
"verification code",
"authentication code",
"security code",
"2fa",
"two-factor",
"totp",
"authenticator",
"verification",
"enter code",
"verification number",
"security number",
]
keyword_matches = sum(1 for keyword in totp_keywords if keyword in page_text)
# If we have multiple TOTP keywords and multiple input fields, likely TOTP
if keyword_matches >= 2 and len(input_fields) >= 6:
return True
# Strong single keyword match with multiple inputs
strong_keywords = ["verification code", "authentication code", "2fa", "two-factor"]
if any(keyword in page_text for keyword in strong_keywords) and len(input_fields) >= 3:
return True
return False
except Exception:
return False
def _is_multi_field_totp_sequence(self, actions: list) -> bool:
"""
Check if the action sequence represents a multi-field TOTP input (6 single-digit fields).
Args:
actions: List of actions to analyze
Returns:
bool: True if this is a multi-field TOTP sequence
"""
# Must have at least 4 actions (minimum for TOTP)
if len(actions) < 4:
return False
# Check if we have multiple consecutive single-digit INPUT_TEXT actions
consecutive_single_digits = 0
max_consecutive = 0
for action in actions:
if (
action.action_type == ActionType.INPUT_TEXT
and hasattr(action, "text")
and action.text
and len(action.text) == 1
and action.text.isdigit()
):
consecutive_single_digits += 1
max_consecutive = max(max_consecutive, consecutive_single_digits)
else:
# If we hit a non-single-digit action, reset consecutive counter
consecutive_single_digits = 0
# Consider it a multi-field TOTP if we have 4+ consecutive single-digit inputs
# This is more reliable than just counting total single digits
# We use 4+ as the threshold to avoid false positives with single TOTP fields
is_multi_field_totp = max_consecutive >= 4
if is_multi_field_totp:
LOG.debug(
"Detected multi-field TOTP sequence",
max_consecutive=max_consecutive,
total_actions=len(actions),
)
return is_multi_field_totp
def _build_navigation_payload(
self,
task: Task,
expire_verification_code: bool = False,
step: Step | None = None,
scraped_page: ScrapedPage | None = None,
) -> dict[str, Any] | list | str | None:
final_navigation_payload = task.navigation_payload
current_context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
verification_code = current_context.totp_codes.get(task.task_id)
if (task.totp_verification_url or task.totp_identifier) and verification_code:
if (
isinstance(final_navigation_payload, dict)
and SPECIAL_FIELD_VERIFICATION_CODE not in final_navigation_payload
):
final_navigation_payload[SPECIAL_FIELD_VERIFICATION_CODE] = verification_code
elif (
isinstance(final_navigation_payload, str)
and SPECIAL_FIELD_VERIFICATION_CODE not in final_navigation_payload
):
final_navigation_payload = (
final_navigation_payload + "\n" + str({SPECIAL_FIELD_VERIFICATION_CODE: verification_code})
)
if expire_verification_code:
current_context.totp_codes.pop(task.task_id)
# Store TOTP secrets and provide placeholder TOTP for LLM to see format
# Only when on a TOTP page to avoid premature processing
if (
task.workflow_run_id
and step
and isinstance(final_navigation_payload, dict)
and self._should_process_totp(scraped_page)
):
workflow_run_context = app.WORKFLOW_CONTEXT_MANAGER.get_workflow_run_context(task.workflow_run_id)
for key, value in list(final_navigation_payload.items()):
if isinstance(value, dict) and "totp" in value:
totp_placeholder = value.get("totp")
if totp_placeholder and isinstance(totp_placeholder, str):
totp_secret_key = workflow_run_context.totp_secret_value_key(totp_placeholder)
totp_secret = workflow_run_context.get_original_secret_value_or_none(totp_secret_key)
if totp_secret:
# Store TOTP secret for handler to use during execution
current_context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
current_context.totp_codes[f"{task.task_id}_secret"] = totp_secret
# Send a placeholder TOTP for the LLM to see the format
final_navigation_payload[key]["totp"] = "123456"
return final_navigation_payload
async def _get_action_results(self, task: Task, current_step: Step | None = None) -> str:
return json.dumps(await get_action_history(task=task, current_step=current_step))
async def get_extracted_information_for_task(self, task: Task) -> dict[str, Any] | list | str | None:
"""
Find the last successful ScrapeAction for the task and return the extracted information.
"""
# TODO: make sure we can get extracted information with the ExtractAction change
steps = await app.DATABASE.get_task_steps(
task_id=task.task_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
)
for step in reversed(steps):
if step.status != StepStatus.completed:
continue
if not step.output or not step.output.actions_and_results:
continue
for action, action_results in step.output.actions_and_results:
if action.action_type != ActionType.EXTRACT:
continue
for action_result in action_results:
if action_result.success:
LOG.info(
"Extracted information for task",
extracted_information=action_result.data,
)
return action_result.data
if task.data_extraction_goal:
LOG.warning(
"Failed to find extracted information for task",
task_id=task.task_id,
)
return None
async def get_failure_reason_for_task(self, task: Task) -> str | None:
"""
Find the TerminateAction for the task and return the reasoning.
# TODO (kerem): Also return meaningful exceptions when we add them [WYV-311]
"""
steps = await app.DATABASE.get_task_steps(
task_id=task.task_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
)
for step in reversed(steps):
if step.status != StepStatus.completed:
continue
if not step.output:
continue
if step.output.actions_and_results:
for action, action_results in step.output.actions_and_results:
if action.action_type == ActionType.TERMINATE:
return action.reasoning
LOG.error(
"Failed to find failure reasoning for task",
task_id=task.task_id,
)
return None
async def clean_up_task(
self,
task: Task,
last_step: Step,
api_key: str | None = None,
need_call_webhook: bool = True,
close_browser_on_completion: bool = True,
need_final_screenshot: bool = True,
browser_session_id: str | None = None,
) -> None:
"""
send the task response to the webhook callback url
"""
# refresh the task from the db to get the latest status
try:
refreshed_task = await app.DATABASE.get_task(task_id=task.task_id, organization_id=task.organization_id)
if not refreshed_task:
LOG.error("Failed to get task from db when clean up task", task_id=task.task_id)
raise TaskNotFound(task_id=task.task_id)
except Exception as e:
LOG.exception(
"Failed to get task from db when clean up task",
task_id=task.task_id,
)
raise TaskNotFound(task_id=task.task_id) from e
task = refreshed_task
# log the task status as an event
analytics.capture("skyvern-oss-agent-task-status", {"status": task.status})
# Add task completion tag to trace
TraceManager.add_task_completion_tag(task.status.value)
if need_final_screenshot:
# Take one last screenshot and create an artifact before closing the browser to see the final state
# We don't need the artifacts and send the webhook response directly only when there is an issue with the browser
# initialization. In this case, we don't have any artifacts to send and we can't take final screenshots etc.
# since the browser is not initialized properly or the proxy is not working.
browser_state = app.BROWSER_MANAGER.get_for_task(task.task_id)
if browser_state is not None and await browser_state.get_working_page() is not None:
try:
screenshot = await browser_state.take_fullpage_screenshot(
use_playwright_fullpage=await app.EXPERIMENTATION_PROVIDER.is_feature_enabled_cached(
"ENABLE_PLAYWRIGHT_FULLPAGE",
task.workflow_run_id or task.task_id,
properties={"organization_id": task.organization_id},
)
)
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=last_step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.SCREENSHOT_FINAL,
data=screenshot,
)
except TargetClosedError:
LOG.warning(
"Failed to take screenshot before sending task response, page is closed",
)
except Exception:
LOG.exception("Failed to take screenshot before sending task response")
if task.organization_id:
try:
async with asyncio.timeout(SAVE_DOWNLOADED_FILES_TIMEOUT):
context = skyvern_context.current()
await app.STORAGE.save_downloaded_files(
organization_id=task.organization_id,
run_id=context.run_id if context and context.run_id else task.workflow_run_id or task.task_id,
)
except asyncio.TimeoutError:
LOG.warning(
"Timeout to save downloaded files",
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
)
except Exception:
LOG.warning(
"Failed to save downloaded files",
exc_info=True,
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
)
# if it's a task block from workflow run,
# we don't need to close the browser, save browser artifacts, or call webhook
if task.workflow_run_id:
LOG.info(
"Task is part of a workflow run, not sending a webhook response",
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
)
return
await self.async_operation_pool.remove_task(task.task_id)
await self.cleanup_browser_and_create_artifacts(
close_browser_on_completion, last_step, task, browser_session_id=browser_session_id
)
# Wait for all tasks to complete before generating the links for the artifacts
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.wait_for_upload_aiotasks([task.task_id])
if need_call_webhook:
await self.execute_task_webhook(task=task, last_step=last_step, api_key=api_key)
async def execute_task_webhook(
self,
task: Task,
last_step: Step | None,
api_key: str | None,
) -> None:
if not api_key:
LOG.warning(
"Request has no api key. Not sending task response",
task_id=task.task_id,
)
return
if not task.webhook_callback_url:
LOG.warning(
"Task has no webhook callback url. Not sending task response",
task_id=task.task_id,
)
return
task_response = await self.build_task_response(task=task, last_step=last_step)
# try to build the new TaskRunResponse for backward compatibility
task_run_response_json: str | None = None
try:
run_response = await run_service.get_run_response(
run_id=task.task_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
)
if run_response is not None:
task_run_response_json = run_response.model_dump_json(exclude={"run_request"})
# send task_response to the webhook callback url
payload_json = task_response.model_dump_json(exclude={"request"})
payload_dict = json.loads(payload_json)
if task_run_response_json:
payload_dict.update(json.loads(task_run_response_json))
signed_data = generate_skyvern_webhook_signature(payload=payload_dict, api_key=api_key)
LOG.info(
"Sending task response to webhook callback url",
task_id=task.task_id,
webhook_callback_url=task.webhook_callback_url,
payload=signed_data.signed_payload,
headers=signed_data.headers,
)
async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
resp = await client.post(
task.webhook_callback_url,
data=signed_data.signed_payload,
headers=signed_data.headers,
timeout=httpx.Timeout(30.0),
)
if resp.status_code >= 200 and resp.status_code < 300:
LOG.info(
"Webhook sent successfully",
task_id=task.task_id,
resp_code=resp.status_code,
resp_text=resp.text,
)
await app.DATABASE.update_task(
task_id=task.task_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
webhook_failure_reason="",
)
else:
LOG.info(
"Webhook failed",
task_id=task.task_id,
resp=resp,
resp_code=resp.status_code,
resp_text=resp.text,
)
await app.DATABASE.update_task(
task_id=task.task_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
webhook_failure_reason=f"Webhook failed with status code {resp.status_code}, error message: {resp.text}",
)
except Exception as e:
raise FailedToSendWebhook(task_id=task.task_id) from e
async def build_task_response(
self,
task: Task,
last_step: Step | None = None,
failure_reason: str | None = None,
need_browser_log: bool = False,
) -> TaskResponse:
# no last step means the task didn't start, so we don't have any other artifacts
if last_step is None:
return task.to_task_response(
failure_reason=failure_reason,
)
screenshot_url = None
recording_url = None
browser_console_log_url: str | None = None
latest_action_screenshot_urls: list[str] | None = None
downloaded_files: list[FileInfo] | None = None
# get the artifact of the screenshot and get the screenshot_url
screenshot_artifact = await app.DATABASE.get_artifact(
task_id=task.task_id,
step_id=last_step.step_id,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.SCREENSHOT_FINAL,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
)
if screenshot_artifact:
screenshot_url = await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.get_share_link(screenshot_artifact)
first_step = await app.DATABASE.get_first_step(task_id=task.task_id, organization_id=task.organization_id)
if first_step:
recording_artifact = await app.DATABASE.get_artifact(
task_id=task.task_id,
step_id=first_step.step_id,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.RECORDING,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
)
if recording_artifact:
recording_url = await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.get_share_link(recording_artifact)
# get the artifact of the last TASK_RESPONSE_ACTION_SCREENSHOT_COUNT screenshots and get the screenshot_url
latest_action_screenshot_artifacts = await app.DATABASE.get_latest_n_artifacts(
task_id=task.task_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
artifact_types=[ArtifactType.SCREENSHOT_ACTION],
n=settings.TASK_RESPONSE_ACTION_SCREENSHOT_COUNT,
)
if latest_action_screenshot_artifacts:
latest_action_screenshot_urls = await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.get_share_links(
latest_action_screenshot_artifacts
)
if task.organization_id:
try:
async with asyncio.timeout(GET_DOWNLOADED_FILES_TIMEOUT):
context = skyvern_context.current()
downloaded_files = await app.STORAGE.get_downloaded_files(
organization_id=task.organization_id,
run_id=context.run_id if context and context.run_id else task.workflow_run_id or task.task_id,
)
except asyncio.TimeoutError:
LOG.warning(
"Timeout to get downloaded files",
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
)
except Exception:
LOG.warning(
"Failed to get downloaded files",
exc_info=True,
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
)
if need_browser_log:
browser_console_log = await app.DATABASE.get_latest_artifact(
task_id=task.task_id,
artifact_types=[ArtifactType.BROWSER_CONSOLE_LOG],
organization_id=task.organization_id,
)
if browser_console_log:
browser_console_log_url = await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.get_share_link(browser_console_log)
# get the latest task from the db to get the latest status, extracted_information, and failure_reason
task_from_db = await app.DATABASE.get_task(task_id=task.task_id, organization_id=task.organization_id)
if not task_from_db:
LOG.error("Failed to get task from db when sending task response")
raise TaskNotFound(task_id=task.task_id)
task = task_from_db
return task.to_task_response(
action_screenshot_urls=latest_action_screenshot_urls,
screenshot_url=screenshot_url,
recording_url=recording_url,
browser_console_log_url=browser_console_log_url,
downloaded_files=downloaded_files,
failure_reason=failure_reason,
)
async def cleanup_browser_and_create_artifacts(
self,
close_browser_on_completion: bool,
last_step: Step,
task: Task,
browser_session_id: str | None = None,
) -> None:
"""
Developer notes: we should not expect any exception to be raised here.
This function should handle exceptions gracefully.
If errors are raised and not caught inside this function, please catch and handle them.
"""
# We need to close the browser even if there is no webhook callback url or api key
browser_state = await app.BROWSER_MANAGER.cleanup_for_task(
task.task_id,
close_browser_on_completion,
browser_session_id,
task.organization_id,
)
if browser_state:
# Update recording artifact after closing the browser, so we can get an accurate recording
video_artifacts = await app.BROWSER_MANAGER.get_video_artifacts(
task_id=task.task_id, browser_state=browser_state
)
for video_artifact in video_artifacts:
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.update_artifact_data(
artifact_id=video_artifact.video_artifact_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
data=video_artifact.video_data,
)
har_data = await app.BROWSER_MANAGER.get_har_data(task_id=task.task_id, browser_state=browser_state)
if har_data:
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=last_step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.HAR,
data=har_data,
)
browser_log = await app.BROWSER_MANAGER.get_browser_console_log(
task_id=task.task_id, browser_state=browser_state
)
if browser_log:
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=last_step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.BROWSER_CONSOLE_LOG,
data=browser_log,
)
if browser_state.browser_context and browser_state.browser_artifacts.traces_dir:
trace_path = f"{browser_state.browser_artifacts.traces_dir}/{task.task_id}.zip"
await app.ARTIFACT_MANAGER.create_artifact(
step=last_step,
artifact_type=ArtifactType.TRACE,
path=trace_path,
)
else:
LOG.warning(
"BrowserState is missing before sending response to webhook_callback_url",
web_hook_url=task.webhook_callback_url,
)
async def update_step(
self,
step: Step,
status: StepStatus | None = None,
output: AgentStepOutput | None = None,
is_last: bool | None = None,
retry_index: int | None = None,
) -> Step:
step.validate_update(status, output, is_last)
updates: dict[str, Any] = {}
if status is not None:
updates["status"] = status
if output is not None:
updates["output"] = output
if is_last is not None:
updates["is_last"] = is_last
if retry_index is not None:
updates["retry_index"] = retry_index
update_comparison = {
key: {"old": getattr(step, key), "new": value}
for key, value in updates.items()
if getattr(step, key) != value and key != "output"
}
LOG.debug(
"Updating step in db",
diff=update_comparison,
)
# Track step duration when step is completed or failed
if status in [StepStatus.completed, StepStatus.failed]:
duration_seconds = (datetime.now(UTC) - step.created_at.replace(tzinfo=UTC)).total_seconds()
LOG.info(
"Step duration metrics",
duration_seconds=duration_seconds,
step_status=status,
organization_id=step.organization_id,
)
await save_step_logs(step.step_id)
return await app.DATABASE.update_step(
task_id=step.task_id,
step_id=step.step_id,
organization_id=step.organization_id,
**updates,
)
async def update_task(
self,
task: Task,
status: TaskStatus,
extracted_information: dict[str, Any] | list | str | None = None,
failure_reason: str | None = None,
webhook_failure_reason: str | None = None,
errors: list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
) -> Task:
# refresh task from db to get the latest status
task_from_db = await app.DATABASE.get_task(task_id=task.task_id, organization_id=task.organization_id)
if task_from_db:
task = task_from_db
task.validate_update(status, extracted_information, failure_reason)
updates: dict[str, Any] = {}
if status is not None:
updates["status"] = status
if extracted_information is not None:
updates["extracted_information"] = extracted_information
if failure_reason is not None:
updates["failure_reason"] = failure_reason
if errors is not None:
updates["errors"] = errors
update_comparison = {
key: {"old": getattr(task, key), "new": value}
for key, value in updates.items()
if getattr(task, key) != value
}
# Track task duration when task is completed, failed, or terminated
if status in [TaskStatus.completed, TaskStatus.failed, TaskStatus.terminated]:
start_time = task.started_at.replace(tzinfo=UTC) if task.started_at else task.created_at.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
queued_seconds = (start_time - task.created_at.replace(tzinfo=UTC)).total_seconds()
duration_seconds = (datetime.now(UTC) - start_time).total_seconds()
LOG.info(
"Task duration metrics",
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
duration_seconds=duration_seconds,
queued_seconds=queued_seconds,
task_status=status,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
)
await save_task_logs(task.task_id)
LOG.info("Updating task in db", task_id=task.task_id, diff=update_comparison)
return await app.DATABASE.update_task(
task.task_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
**updates,
)
async def _handle_completed_step_with_parallel_verification(
self,
organization: Organization,
task: Task,
step: Step,
page: Page | None,
browser_state: BrowserState,
scraped_page: ScrapedPage,
engine: RunEngine,
task_block: BaseTaskBlock | None = None,
) -> tuple[bool | None, Step | None, Step | None]:
"""
Handle completed step with parallel verification optimization.
Runs two tasks in parallel:
1. Verify if user goal is complete (check-user-goal)
2. Pre-scrape page for next step
If goal is complete, cancel pre-scraping and mark task done.
If goal not complete, use pre-scraped data for next step execution.
Note: This should only be called when verification is needed (i.e., when
the standard flow would have called check_user_goal_complete in agent_step).
"""
LOG.info(
"Starting parallel user goal verification optimization",
step_id=step.step_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
)
# Task 1: Verify user goal (typically 2-5 seconds)
verification_task = asyncio.create_task(
self.check_user_goal_complete(
page=page,
scraped_page=scraped_page,
task=task,
step=step,
),
name=f"verify_goal_{step.step_id}",
)
# Task 2: Pre-scrape for next step (typically 5-10 seconds)
pre_scrape_task = asyncio.create_task(
self._pre_scrape_for_next_step(
task=task,
step=step,
browser_state=browser_state,
engine=engine,
),
name=f"pre_scrape_{step.step_id}",
)
# Wait for verification to complete first (faster of the two)
try:
complete_action = await verification_task
except Exception:
LOG.warning(
"User goal verification failed in parallel mode, will continue with next step",
step_id=step.step_id,
exc_info=True,
)
complete_action = None
if complete_action is not None:
# Goal achieved! Cancel the pre-scraping task
LOG.info(
"Parallel verification: goal achieved, cancelling pre-scraping",
step_id=step.step_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
)
pre_scrape_task.cancel()
try:
await pre_scrape_task # Clean up the cancelled task
except asyncio.CancelledError:
LOG.debug("Pre-scraping cancelled successfully", step_id=step.step_id)
except Exception:
LOG.debug("Pre-scraping task cleanup failed", step_id=step.step_id, exc_info=True)
# Mark task as complete
# Note: Step is already marked as completed by agent_step
# We don't add the complete action to the step output since the step is already finalized
LOG.info(
"Parallel verification: goal achieved, marking task as complete",
step_id=step.step_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
)
last_step = await self.update_step(step, is_last=True)
extracted_information = await self.get_extracted_information_for_task(task)
await self.update_task(
task,
status=TaskStatus.completed,
extracted_information=extracted_information,
)
return True, last_step, None
else:
# Goal not achieved - wait for pre-scraping to complete
LOG.info(
"Parallel verification: goal not achieved, using pre-scraped data for next step",
step_id=step.step_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
)
try:
pre_scraped_page = await pre_scrape_task
except Exception:
LOG.warning(
"Pre-scraping failed, next step will re-scrape",
step_id=step.step_id,
exc_info=True,
)
pre_scraped_page = None
# Check max steps before creating next step
context = skyvern_context.current()
override_max_steps_per_run = context.max_steps_override if context else None
max_steps_per_run = (
override_max_steps_per_run
or task.max_steps_per_run
or organization.max_steps_per_run
or settings.MAX_STEPS_PER_RUN
)
if step.order + 1 >= max_steps_per_run:
LOG.info(
"Step completed but max steps reached, marking task as failed",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
max_steps=max_steps_per_run,
)
last_step = await self.update_step(step, is_last=True)
generated_failure_reason = await self.summary_failure_reason_for_max_steps(
organization=organization,
task=task,
step=step,
page=page,
)
failure_reason = f"Reached the maximum steps ({max_steps_per_run}). Possible failure reasons: {generated_failure_reason.reasoning}"
errors = [ReachMaxStepsError().model_dump()] + [
error.model_dump() for error in generated_failure_reason.errors
]
await self.update_task(
task,
status=TaskStatus.failed,
failure_reason=failure_reason,
errors=errors,
)
return False, last_step, None
# Create next step
next_step = await app.DATABASE.create_step(
task_id=task.task_id,
order=step.order + 1,
retry_index=0,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
)
# Store pre-scraped data in context for next step to use
if pre_scraped_page:
context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
context.next_step_pre_scraped_data = {
"step_id": next_step.step_id,
"scraped_page": pre_scraped_page,
"timestamp": datetime.now(UTC),
}
LOG.info(
"Stored pre-scraped data for next step",
step_id=next_step.step_id,
num_elements=len(pre_scraped_page.elements),
)
return None, None, next_step
async def handle_failed_step(self, organization: Organization, task: Task, step: Step) -> Step | None:
max_retries_per_step = (
organization.max_retries_per_step
# we need to check by None because 0 is a valid value for max_retries_per_step
if organization.max_retries_per_step is not None
else settings.MAX_RETRIES_PER_STEP
)
if step.retry_index >= max_retries_per_step:
LOG.warning(
"Step failed after max retries, marking task as failed",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
max_retries=settings.MAX_RETRIES_PER_STEP,
)
browser_state = app.BROWSER_MANAGER.get_for_task(task_id=task.task_id, workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id)
page = None
if browser_state is not None:
page = await browser_state.get_working_page()
failure_reason = await self.summary_failure_reason_for_max_retries(
organization=organization,
task=task,
step=step,
page=page,
max_retries=max_retries_per_step,
)
await self.update_task(
task,
TaskStatus.failed,
failure_reason=(
f"Max retries per step ({max_retries_per_step}) exceeded. Possible failure reasons: {failure_reason}"
),
errors=[ReachMaxRetriesError().model_dump()],
)
return None
else:
LOG.warning(
"Step failed, retrying",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
)
next_step = await app.DATABASE.create_step(
task_id=task.task_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
order=step.order,
retry_index=step.retry_index + 1,
)
return next_step
async def summary_failure_reason_for_max_steps(
self,
organization: Organization,
task: Task,
step: Step,
page: Page | None,
) -> MaxStepsReasonResponse:
steps_results = []
llm_errors: list[str] = []
try:
steps = await app.DATABASE.get_task_steps(
task_id=task.task_id, organization_id=organization.organization_id
)
for step_cnt, step in enumerate(steps):
if step.output is None:
continue
if len(step.output.errors) > 0:
failure_reason = ";".join([repr(err) for err in step.output.errors])
return MaxStepsReasonResponse(
page_info="",
reasoning=failure_reason,
errors=step.output.errors,
)
if step.output.actions_and_results is None:
continue
action_result_summary: list[str] = []
step_result: dict[str, Any] = {
"order": step_cnt,
}
for action, action_results in step.output.actions_and_results:
if len(action_results) == 0:
continue
last_result = action_results[-1]
# Check if this is an LLM provider error
if not last_result.success:
exception_type = last_result.exception_type or ""
exception_message = last_result.exception_message or ""
if (
exception_type in (LLM_PROVIDER_ERROR_TYPE, LLM_PROVIDER_ERROR_RETRYABLE_TASK_TYPE)
or "LLMProvider" in exception_message
):
llm_errors.append(f"Step {step_cnt}: {exception_message}")
action_result_summary.append(
f"{action.reasoning}(action_type={action.action_type}, result={'success' if last_result.success else 'failed'})"
)
step_result["actions_result"] = action_result_summary
steps_results.append(step_result)
# If we detected LLM errors, return a clear message without calling the LLM
if llm_errors:
llm_error_details = "; ".join(llm_errors)
return MaxStepsReasonResponse(
page_info="",
reasoning=(
f"The task failed due to LLM service errors. The LLM provider encountered errors and was unable to process the requests. "
f"This is typically caused by rate limiting, service outages, or resource exhaustion from the LLM provider. "
f"Error details: {llm_error_details}"
),
errors=[],
)
scroll = True
if await service_utils.is_cua_task(task=task):
scroll = False
screenshots: list[bytes] = []
if page is not None:
screenshots = await SkyvernFrame.take_split_screenshots(page=page, url=page.url, scroll=scroll)
prompt = prompt_engine.load_prompt(
"summarize-max-steps-reason",
step_count=len(steps),
navigation_goal=task.navigation_goal,
navigation_payload=task.navigation_payload,
steps=steps_results,
error_code_mapping_str=(json.dumps(task.error_code_mapping) if task.error_code_mapping else None),
local_datetime=datetime.now(skyvern_context.ensure_context().tz_info).isoformat(),
)
json_response = await app.LLM_API_HANDLER(
prompt=prompt, screenshots=screenshots, step=step, prompt_name="summarize-max-steps-reason"
)
return MaxStepsReasonResponse.model_validate(json_response)
except Exception:
LOG.warning("Failed to summary the failure reason")
# Check if we have LLM errors even if the summarization failed
if llm_errors:
llm_error_details = "; ".join(llm_errors)
return MaxStepsReasonResponse(
page_info="",
reasoning=(
f"The task failed due to LLM service errors. The LLM provider encountered errors and was unable to process the requests. "
f"Error details: {llm_error_details}"
),
errors=[],
)
if steps_results:
last_step_result = steps_results[-1]
return MaxStepsReasonResponse(
page_info="",
reasoning=f"Step {last_step_result['order']}: {last_step_result['actions_result']}",
errors=[],
)
return MaxStepsReasonResponse(
page_info="",
reasoning="",
errors=[],
)
async def summary_failure_reason_for_max_retries(
self,
organization: Organization,
task: Task,
step: Step,
page: Page | None,
max_retries: int,
) -> str:
html = ""
screenshots: list[bytes] = []
steps_results = []
llm_errors: list[str] = []
steps_without_actions = 0
try:
steps = await app.DATABASE.get_task_steps(
task_id=task.task_id, organization_id=organization.organization_id
)
# Check for LLM provider errors in the failed steps
for step_cnt, cur_step in enumerate(steps[-max_retries:]):
if cur_step.status == StepStatus.failed:
# If step failed with no actions, it might be an LLM error during action extraction
if not cur_step.output or not cur_step.output.actions_and_results:
steps_without_actions += 1
if cur_step.output and cur_step.output.actions_and_results:
action_result_summary: list[str] = []
step_result: dict[str, Any] = {
"order": step_cnt,
}
for action, action_results in cur_step.output.actions_and_results:
if len(action_results) == 0:
continue
last_result = action_results[-1]
if last_result.success:
continue
reason = last_result.exception_message or ""
# Check if this is an LLM provider error
exception_type = last_result.exception_type or ""
if (
exception_type in (LLM_PROVIDER_ERROR_TYPE, LLM_PROVIDER_ERROR_RETRYABLE_TASK_TYPE)
or "LLMProvider" in reason
):
llm_errors.append(f"Step {step_cnt}: {reason}")
action_result_summary.append(
f"{action.reasoning}(action_type={action.action_type}, result=failed, reason={reason})"
)
step_result["actions_result"] = action_result_summary
steps_results.append(step_result)
# If we detected LLM errors, return a clear message without calling the LLM
if llm_errors:
llm_error_details = "; ".join(llm_errors)
return (
f"The task failed due to LLM service errors. The LLM provider encountered errors and was unable to process the requests. "
f"This is typically caused by rate limiting, service outages, or resource exhaustion from the LLM provider. "
f"Error details: {llm_error_details}"
)
# If multiple steps failed without producing any actions, it's likely an LLM error during action extraction
if steps_without_actions >= max_retries:
return (
f"The task failed because all {max_retries} retry attempts failed to generate actions. "
f"This is typically caused by LLM service errors during action extraction, such as rate limiting, "
f"service outages, or resource exhaustion from the LLM provider. Please check the LLM service status and try again."
)
if page is not None:
skyvern_frame = await SkyvernFrame.create_instance(frame=page)
html = await skyvern_frame.get_content()
screenshots = await SkyvernFrame.take_split_screenshots(page=page, url=page.url)
prompt = prompt_engine.load_prompt(
"summarize-max-retries-reason",
navigation_goal=task.navigation_goal,
navigation_payload=task.navigation_payload,
steps=steps_results,
page_html=html,
max_retries=max_retries,
local_datetime=datetime.now(skyvern_context.ensure_context().tz_info).isoformat(),
)
json_response = await app.SECONDARY_LLM_API_HANDLER(
prompt=prompt,
screenshots=screenshots,
step=step,
prompt_name="summarize-max-retries-reason",
)
return json_response.get("reasoning", "")
except Exception:
LOG.warning("Failed to summarize the failure reason for max retries")
# Check if we have LLM errors even if the summarization failed
if llm_errors:
llm_error_details = "; ".join(llm_errors)
return (
f"The task failed due to LLM service errors. The LLM provider encountered errors and was unable to process the requests. "
f"Error details: {llm_error_details}"
)
# If multiple steps failed without actions during summarization failure, still report it
if steps_without_actions >= max_retries:
return (
f"The task failed because all {max_retries} retry attempts failed to generate actions. "
f"This is typically caused by LLM service errors during action extraction."
)
if steps_results:
last_step_result = steps_results[-1]
return f"Retry Step {last_step_result['order']}: {last_step_result['actions_result']}"
return ""
async def handle_completed_step(
self,
organization: Organization,
task: Task,
step: Step,
page: Page | None,
task_block: BaseTaskBlock | None = None,
browser_state: BrowserState | None = None,
scraped_page: ScrapedPage | None = None,
engine: RunEngine = RunEngine.skyvern_v1,
complete_verification: bool = True,
) -> tuple[bool | None, Step | None, Step | None]:
# Check if parallel verification should be used
# Only use it when we have the required data AND when verification would normally happen
should_verify = (
complete_verification
and not step.is_goal_achieved()
and not step.is_terminated()
and not isinstance(task_block, ActionBlock)
and (task.navigation_goal or task.complete_criterion)
)
if should_verify and browser_state and scraped_page:
try:
distinct_id = task.workflow_run_id if task.workflow_run_id else task.task_id
enable_parallel_verification = await app.EXPERIMENTATION_PROVIDER.is_feature_enabled_cached(
"ENABLE_PARALLEL_USER_GOAL_CHECK",
distinct_id,
properties={"organization_id": task.organization_id, "task_url": task.url},
)
if enable_parallel_verification:
LOG.info(
"Parallel verification enabled, using optimized flow",
step_id=step.step_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
)
return await self._handle_completed_step_with_parallel_verification(
organization=organization,
task=task,
step=step,
page=page,
browser_state=browser_state,
scraped_page=scraped_page,
engine=engine,
task_block=task_block,
)
except Exception:
LOG.warning(
"Failed to check parallel verification feature flag, using standard flow",
step_id=step.step_id,
exc_info=True,
)
if step.is_goal_achieved():
LOG.info(
"Step completed and goal achieved, marking task as completed",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
output=step.output,
)
last_step = await self.update_step(step, is_last=True)
extracted_information = await self.get_extracted_information_for_task(task)
await self.update_task(
task,
status=TaskStatus.completed,
extracted_information=extracted_information,
)
return True, last_step, None
if step.is_terminated():
LOG.info(
"Step completed and terminated by the agent, marking task as terminated",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
output=step.output,
)
last_step = await self.update_step(step, is_last=True)
failure_reason = await self.get_failure_reason_for_task(task)
await self.update_task(task, status=TaskStatus.terminated, failure_reason=failure_reason)
return False, last_step, None
# If the max steps are exceeded, mark the current step as the last step and conclude the task
context = skyvern_context.current()
override_max_steps_per_run = context.max_steps_override if context else None
max_steps_per_run = (
override_max_steps_per_run
or task.max_steps_per_run
or organization.max_steps_per_run
or settings.MAX_STEPS_PER_RUN
)
# HACK: action block only have one step to execute without complete action, so we consider the task is completed as long as the step is completed
if isinstance(task_block, ActionBlock) and step.is_success():
LOG.info(
"Step completed for the action block, marking task as completed",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
output=step.output,
)
last_step = await self.update_step(step, is_last=True)
await self.update_task(
task,
status=TaskStatus.completed,
)
return True, last_step, None
if step.order + 1 >= max_steps_per_run:
LOG.info(
"Step completed but max steps reached, marking task as failed",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
max_steps=max_steps_per_run,
)
last_step = await self.update_step(step, is_last=True)
generated_failure_reason = await self.summary_failure_reason_for_max_steps(
organization=organization,
task=task,
step=step,
page=page,
)
failure_reason = f"Reached the maximum steps ({max_steps_per_run}). Possible failure reasons: {generated_failure_reason.reasoning}"
errors = [ReachMaxStepsError().model_dump()] + [
error.model_dump() for error in generated_failure_reason.errors
]
await self.update_task(
task,
status=TaskStatus.failed,
failure_reason=failure_reason,
errors=errors,
)
return False, last_step, None
else:
LOG.info(
"Step completed, creating next step",
step_order=step.order,
step_retry=step.retry_index,
)
next_step = await app.DATABASE.create_step(
task_id=task.task_id,
order=step.order + 1,
retry_index=0,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
)
if step.order == int(max_steps_per_run * settings.LONG_RUNNING_TASK_WARNING_RATIO - 1):
LOG.info(
"Long running task warning",
order=step.order,
max_steps=max_steps_per_run,
warning_ratio=settings.LONG_RUNNING_TASK_WARNING_RATIO,
)
return None, None, next_step
async def handle_potential_OTP_actions(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
scraped_page: ScrapedPage,
browser_state: BrowserState,
json_response: dict[str, Any],
) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[Action]]:
if not task.organization_id:
return json_response, []
if not task.totp_verification_url and not task.totp_identifier:
return json_response, []
should_verify_by_magic_link = json_response.get("should_verify_by_magic_link")
place_to_enter_verification_code = json_response.get("place_to_enter_verification_code")
should_enter_verification_code = json_response.get("should_enter_verification_code")
if (
not should_verify_by_magic_link
and not place_to_enter_verification_code
and not should_enter_verification_code
):
return json_response, []
if place_to_enter_verification_code and should_enter_verification_code:
json_response = await self.handle_potential_verification_code(
task, step, scraped_page, browser_state, json_response
)
actions = parse_actions(task, step.step_id, step.order, scraped_page, json_response["actions"])
return json_response, actions
if should_verify_by_magic_link:
actions = await self.handle_potential_magic_link(task, step, scraped_page, browser_state, json_response)
return json_response, actions
return json_response, []
async def handle_potential_magic_link(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
scraped_page: ScrapedPage,
browser_state: BrowserState,
json_response: dict[str, Any],
) -> list[Action]:
should_verify_by_magic_link = json_response.get("should_verify_by_magic_link")
if not should_verify_by_magic_link:
return []
LOG.info("Handling magic link verification", task_id=task.task_id)
otp_value = await poll_otp_value(
organization_id=task.organization_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
totp_verification_url=task.totp_verification_url,
totp_identifier=task.totp_identifier,
)
if not otp_value or otp_value.get_otp_type() != OTPType.MAGIC_LINK:
return []
# always open a new tab to navigate to the magic link
page = await browser_state.new_page()
context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
context.add_magic_link_page(task.task_id, page)
return [
GotoUrlAction(
reasoning="Navigating to the magic link URL to verify the login",
intention="Navigating to the magic link URL to verify the login",
url=otp_value.value,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
step_id=step.step_id,
step_order=step.order,
action_order=0,
is_magic_link=True,
),
]
async def handle_potential_verification_code(
self,
task: Task,
step: Step,
scraped_page: ScrapedPage,
browser_state: BrowserState,
json_response: dict[str, Any],
) -> dict[str, Any]:
place_to_enter_verification_code = json_response.get("place_to_enter_verification_code")
should_enter_verification_code = json_response.get("should_enter_verification_code")
if (
place_to_enter_verification_code
and should_enter_verification_code
and (task.totp_verification_url or task.totp_identifier)
and task.organization_id
):
LOG.info("Need verification code")
workflow_id = workflow_permanent_id = None
if task.workflow_run_id:
workflow_run = await app.DATABASE.get_workflow_run(task.workflow_run_id)
if workflow_run:
workflow_id = workflow_run.workflow_id
workflow_permanent_id = workflow_run.workflow_permanent_id
otp_value = await poll_otp_value(
organization_id=task.organization_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_id=workflow_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
workflow_permanent_id=workflow_permanent_id,
totp_verification_url=task.totp_verification_url,
totp_identifier=task.totp_identifier,
)
if not otp_value or otp_value.get_otp_type() != OTPType.TOTP:
return json_response
current_context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
current_context.totp_codes[task.task_id] = otp_value.value
extract_action_prompt, use_caching = await self._build_extract_action_prompt(
task,
step,
browser_state,
scraped_page,
verification_code_check=False,
)
llm_key_override = task.llm_key
if await service_utils.is_cua_task(task=task):
llm_key_override = None
llm_api_handler = LLMAPIHandlerFactory.get_override_llm_api_handler(
llm_key_override, default=app.LLM_API_HANDLER
)
# Add caching flag to context for monitoring
if use_caching:
context = skyvern_context.current()
if context:
context.use_prompt_caching = True
return await llm_api_handler(
prompt=extract_action_prompt,
step=step,
screenshots=scraped_page.screenshots,
prompt_name="extract-actions",
)
return json_response
@staticmethod
async def get_task_errors(task: Task) -> list[UserDefinedError]:
steps = await app.DATABASE.get_task_steps(task_id=task.task_id, organization_id=task.organization_id)
errors = []
for step in steps:
if step.output and step.output.errors:
errors.extend(step.output.errors)
return errors
@staticmethod
async def update_task_errors_from_detailed_output(
task: Task, detailed_step_output: DetailedAgentStepOutput
) -> Task:
task_errors = task.errors
step_errors = detailed_step_output.extract_errors() or []
task_errors.extend([error.model_dump() for error in step_errors])
return await app.DATABASE.update_task(
task_id=task.task_id,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
errors=task_errors,
)
@staticmethod
async def create_extract_action(task: Task, step: Step, scraped_page: ScrapedPage) -> ExtractAction:
context = skyvern_context.ensure_context()
# generate reasoning by prompt llm to think briefly what data to extract
prompt = prompt_engine.load_prompt(
"data-extraction-summary",
data_extraction_goal=task.data_extraction_goal,
data_extraction_schema=task.extracted_information_schema,
current_url=scraped_page.url,
local_datetime=datetime.now(context.tz_info).isoformat(),
)
data_extraction_summary_resp = await app.EXTRACTION_LLM_API_HANDLER(
prompt=prompt, step=step, prompt_name="data-extraction-summary"
)
return ExtractAction(
reasoning=data_extraction_summary_resp.get("summary", "Extracting information from the page"),
data_extraction_goal=task.data_extraction_goal,
data_extraction_schema=task.extracted_information_schema,
organization_id=task.organization_id,
task_id=task.task_id,
workflow_run_id=task.workflow_run_id,
step_id=step.step_id,
step_order=step.order,
action_order=0,
confidence_float=1.0,
)
@staticmethod
def step_has_completed_goal(detailed_agent_step_output: DetailedAgentStepOutput) -> bool:
if not detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results:
return False
last_action, last_action_results = detailed_agent_step_output.actions_and_results[-1]
if last_action.action_type not in [ActionType.COMPLETE, ActionType.EXTRACT]:
return False
return any(action_result.success for action_result in last_action_results)
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