Generate Fern TypeSscript SDK (#3785)

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/fetcher/Fetcher.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+import fs from "fs";
+import { join } from "path";
+import stream from "stream";
+import type { BinaryResponse } from "../../../src/core";
+import { type Fetcher, fetcherImpl } from "../../../src/core/fetcher/Fetcher";
+
+describe("Test fetcherImpl", () => {
+    it("should handle successful request", async () => {
+        const mockArgs: Fetcher.Args = {
+            url: "https://httpbin.org/post",
+            method: "POST",
+            headers: { "X-Test": "x-test-header" },
+            body: { data: "test" },
+            contentType: "application/json",
+            requestType: "json",
+            responseType: "json",
+        };
+
+        global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(
+            new Response(JSON.stringify({ data: "test" }), {
+                status: 200,
+                statusText: "OK",
+            }),
+        );
+
+        const result = await fetcherImpl(mockArgs);
+        expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (result.ok) {
+            expect(result.body).toEqual({ data: "test" });
+        }
+
+        expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+            "https://httpbin.org/post",
+            expect.objectContaining({
+                method: "POST",
+                headers: expect.objectContaining({ "X-Test": "x-test-header" }),
+                body: JSON.stringify({ data: "test" }),
+            }),
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("should send octet stream", async () => {
+        const url = "https://httpbin.org/post/file";
+        const mockArgs: Fetcher.Args = {
+            url,
+            method: "POST",
+            headers: { "X-Test": "x-test-header" },
+            contentType: "application/octet-stream",
+            requestType: "bytes",
+            responseType: "json",
+            body: fs.createReadStream(join(__dirname, "test-file.txt")),
+        };
+
+        global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(
+            new Response(JSON.stringify({ data: "test" }), {
+                status: 200,
+                statusText: "OK",
+            }),
+        );
+
+        const result = await fetcherImpl(mockArgs);
+
+        expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+            url,
+            expect.objectContaining({
+                method: "POST",
+                headers: expect.objectContaining({ "X-Test": "x-test-header" }),
+                body: expect.any(fs.ReadStream),
+            }),
+        );
+        expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (result.ok) {
+            expect(result.body).toEqual({ data: "test" });
+        }
+    });
+
+    it("should receive file as stream", async () => {
+        const url = "https://httpbin.org/post/file";
+        const mockArgs: Fetcher.Args = {
+            url,
+            method: "GET",
+            headers: { "X-Test": "x-test-header" },
+            responseType: "binary-response",
+        };
+
+        global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(
+            new Response(
+                stream.Readable.toWeb(fs.createReadStream(join(__dirname, "test-file.txt"))) as ReadableStream,
+                {
+                    status: 200,
+                    statusText: "OK",
+                },
+            ),
+        );
+
+        const result = await fetcherImpl(mockArgs);
+
+        expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+            url,
+            expect.objectContaining({
+                method: "GET",
+                headers: expect.objectContaining({ "X-Test": "x-test-header" }),
+            }),
+        );
+        expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (result.ok) {
+            const body = result.body as BinaryResponse;
+            expect(body).toBeDefined();
+            expect(body.bodyUsed).toBe(false);
+            expect(typeof body.stream).toBe("function");
+            const stream = body.stream();
+            expect(stream).toBeInstanceOf(ReadableStream);
+            const reader = stream.getReader();
+            const { value } = await reader.read();
+            const decoder = new TextDecoder();
+            const streamContent = decoder.decode(value);
+            expect(streamContent).toBe("This is a test file!\n");
+            expect(body.bodyUsed).toBe(true);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it("should receive file as blob", async () => {
+        const url = "https://httpbin.org/post/file";
+        const mockArgs: Fetcher.Args = {
+            url,
+            method: "GET",
+            headers: { "X-Test": "x-test-header" },
+            responseType: "binary-response",
+        };
+
+        global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(
+            new Response(
+                stream.Readable.toWeb(fs.createReadStream(join(__dirname, "test-file.txt"))) as ReadableStream,
+                {
+                    status: 200,
+                    statusText: "OK",
+                },
+            ),
+        );
+
+        const result = await fetcherImpl(mockArgs);
+
+        expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+            url,
+            expect.objectContaining({
+                method: "GET",
+                headers: expect.objectContaining({ "X-Test": "x-test-header" }),
+            }),
+        );
+        expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (result.ok) {
+            const body = result.body as BinaryResponse;
+            expect(body).toBeDefined();
+            expect(body.bodyUsed).toBe(false);
+            expect(typeof body.blob).toBe("function");
+            const blob = await body.blob();
+            expect(blob).toBeInstanceOf(Blob);
+            const reader = blob.stream().getReader();
+            const { value } = await reader.read();
+            const decoder = new TextDecoder();
+            const streamContent = decoder.decode(value);
+            expect(streamContent).toBe("This is a test file!\n");
+            expect(body.bodyUsed).toBe(true);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it("should receive file as arraybuffer", async () => {
+        const url = "https://httpbin.org/post/file";
+        const mockArgs: Fetcher.Args = {
+            url,
+            method: "GET",
+            headers: { "X-Test": "x-test-header" },
+            responseType: "binary-response",
+        };
+
+        global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(
+            new Response(
+                stream.Readable.toWeb(fs.createReadStream(join(__dirname, "test-file.txt"))) as ReadableStream,
+                {
+                    status: 200,
+                    statusText: "OK",
+                },
+            ),
+        );
+
+        const result = await fetcherImpl(mockArgs);
+
+        expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+            url,
+            expect.objectContaining({
+                method: "GET",
+                headers: expect.objectContaining({ "X-Test": "x-test-header" }),
+            }),
+        );
+        expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (result.ok) {
+            const body = result.body as BinaryResponse;
+            expect(body).toBeDefined();
+            expect(body.bodyUsed).toBe(false);
+            expect(typeof body.arrayBuffer).toBe("function");
+            const arrayBuffer = await body.arrayBuffer();
+            expect(arrayBuffer).toBeInstanceOf(ArrayBuffer);
+            const decoder = new TextDecoder();
+            const streamContent = decoder.decode(new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer));
+            expect(streamContent).toBe("This is a test file!\n");
+            expect(body.bodyUsed).toBe(true);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it("should receive file as bytes", async () => {
+        const url = "https://httpbin.org/post/file";
+        const mockArgs: Fetcher.Args = {
+            url,
+            method: "GET",
+            headers: { "X-Test": "x-test-header" },
+            responseType: "binary-response",
+        };
+
+        global.fetch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(
+            new Response(
+                stream.Readable.toWeb(fs.createReadStream(join(__dirname, "test-file.txt"))) as ReadableStream,
+                {
+                    status: 200,
+                    statusText: "OK",
+                },
+            ),
+        );
+
+        const result = await fetcherImpl(mockArgs);
+
+        expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+            url,
+            expect.objectContaining({
+                method: "GET",
+                headers: expect.objectContaining({ "X-Test": "x-test-header" }),
+            }),
+        );
+        expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (result.ok) {
+            const body = result.body as BinaryResponse;
+            expect(body).toBeDefined();
+            expect(body.bodyUsed).toBe(false);
+            expect(typeof body.bytes).toBe("function");
+            if (!body.bytes) {
+                return;
+            }
+            const bytes = await body.bytes();
+            expect(bytes).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array);
+            const decoder = new TextDecoder();
+            const streamContent = decoder.decode(bytes);
+            expect(streamContent).toBe("This is a test file!\n");
+            expect(body.bodyUsed).toBe(true);
+        }
+    });
+});

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/fetcher/HttpResponsePromise.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { HttpResponsePromise } from "../../../src/core/fetcher/HttpResponsePromise";
+import type { RawResponse, WithRawResponse } from "../../../src/core/fetcher/RawResponse";
+
+describe("HttpResponsePromise", () => {
+    const mockRawResponse: RawResponse = {
+        headers: new Headers(),
+        redirected: false,
+        status: 200,
+        statusText: "OK",
+        type: "basic" as ResponseType,
+        url: "https://example.com",
+    };
+    const mockData = { id: "123", name: "test" };
+    const mockWithRawResponse: WithRawResponse<typeof mockData> = {
+        data: mockData,
+        rawResponse: mockRawResponse,
+    };
+
+    describe("fromFunction", () => {
+        it("should create an HttpResponsePromise from a function", async () => {
+            const mockFn = vi
+                .fn<(arg1: string, arg2: string) => Promise<WithRawResponse<typeof mockData>>>()
+                .mockResolvedValue(mockWithRawResponse);
+
+            const responsePromise = HttpResponsePromise.fromFunction(mockFn, "arg1", "arg2");
+
+            const result = await responsePromise;
+            expect(result).toEqual(mockData);
+            expect(mockFn).toHaveBeenCalledWith("arg1", "arg2");
+
+            const resultWithRawResponse = await responsePromise.withRawResponse();
+            expect(resultWithRawResponse).toEqual({
+                data: mockData,
+                rawResponse: mockRawResponse,
+            });
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("fromPromise", () => {
+        it("should create an HttpResponsePromise from a promise", async () => {
+            const promise = Promise.resolve(mockWithRawResponse);
+
+            const responsePromise = HttpResponsePromise.fromPromise(promise);
+
+            const result = await responsePromise;
+            expect(result).toEqual(mockData);
+
+            const resultWithRawResponse = await responsePromise.withRawResponse();
+            expect(resultWithRawResponse).toEqual({
+                data: mockData,
+                rawResponse: mockRawResponse,
+            });
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("fromExecutor", () => {
+        it("should create an HttpResponsePromise from an executor function", async () => {
+            const responsePromise = HttpResponsePromise.fromExecutor((resolve) => {
+                resolve(mockWithRawResponse);
+            });
+
+            const result = await responsePromise;
+            expect(result).toEqual(mockData);
+
+            const resultWithRawResponse = await responsePromise.withRawResponse();
+            expect(resultWithRawResponse).toEqual({
+                data: mockData,
+                rawResponse: mockRawResponse,
+            });
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("fromResult", () => {
+        it("should create an HttpResponsePromise from a result", async () => {
+            const responsePromise = HttpResponsePromise.fromResult(mockWithRawResponse);
+
+            const result = await responsePromise;
+            expect(result).toEqual(mockData);
+
+            const resultWithRawResponse = await responsePromise.withRawResponse();
+            expect(resultWithRawResponse).toEqual({
+                data: mockData,
+                rawResponse: mockRawResponse,
+            });
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("Promise methods", () => {
+        let responsePromise: HttpResponsePromise<typeof mockData>;
+
+        beforeEach(() => {
+            responsePromise = HttpResponsePromise.fromResult(mockWithRawResponse);
+        });
+
+        it("should support then() method", async () => {
+            const result = await responsePromise.then((data) => ({
+                ...data,
+                modified: true,
+            }));
+
+            expect(result).toEqual({
+                ...mockData,
+                modified: true,
+            });
+        });
+
+        it("should support catch() method", async () => {
+            const errorResponsePromise = HttpResponsePromise.fromExecutor((_, reject) => {
+                reject(new Error("Test error"));
+            });
+
+            const catchSpy = vi.fn();
+            await errorResponsePromise.catch(catchSpy);
+
+            expect(catchSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+            const error = catchSpy.mock.calls[0]?.[0];
+            expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
+            expect((error as Error).message).toBe("Test error");
+        });
+
+        it("should support finally() method", async () => {
+            const finallySpy = vi.fn();
+            await responsePromise.finally(finallySpy);
+
+            expect(finallySpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("withRawResponse", () => {
+        it("should return both data and raw response", async () => {
+            const responsePromise = HttpResponsePromise.fromResult(mockWithRawResponse);
+
+            const result = await responsePromise.withRawResponse();
+
+            expect(result).toEqual({
+                data: mockData,
+                rawResponse: mockRawResponse,
+            });
+        });
+    });
+});

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/fetcher/RawResponse.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { toRawResponse } from "../../../src/core/fetcher/RawResponse";
+
+describe("RawResponse", () => {
+    describe("toRawResponse", () => {
+        it("should convert Response to RawResponse by removing body, bodyUsed, and ok properties", () => {
+            const mockHeaders = new Headers({ "content-type": "application/json" });
+            const mockResponse = {
+                body: "test body",
+                bodyUsed: false,
+                ok: true,
+                headers: mockHeaders,
+                redirected: false,
+                status: 200,
+                statusText: "OK",
+                type: "basic" as ResponseType,
+                url: "https://example.com",
+            };
+
+            const result = toRawResponse(mockResponse as unknown as Response);
+
+            expect("body" in result).toBe(false);
+            expect("bodyUsed" in result).toBe(false);
+            expect("ok" in result).toBe(false);
+            expect(result.headers).toBe(mockHeaders);
+            expect(result.redirected).toBe(false);
+            expect(result.status).toBe(200);
+            expect(result.statusText).toBe("OK");
+            expect(result.type).toBe("basic");
+            expect(result.url).toBe("https://example.com");
+        });
+    });
+});

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/fetcher/createRequestUrl.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import { createRequestUrl } from "../../../src/core/fetcher/createRequestUrl";
+
+describe("Test createRequestUrl", () => {
+    it("should return the base URL when no query parameters are provided", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl)).toBe(baseUrl);
+    });
+
+    it("should append simple query parameters", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = { key: "value", another: "param" };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe("https://api.example.com?key=value&another=param");
+    });
+
+    it("should handle array query parameters", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = { items: ["a", "b", "c"] };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe("https://api.example.com?items=a&items=b&items=c");
+    });
+
+    it("should handle object query parameters", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = { filter: { name: "John", age: 30 } };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe(
+            "https://api.example.com?filter%5Bname%5D=John&filter%5Bage%5D=30",
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("should handle mixed types of query parameters", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = {
+            simple: "value",
+            array: ["x", "y"],
+            object: { key: "value" },
+        };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe(
+            "https://api.example.com?simple=value&array=x&array=y&object%5Bkey%5D=value",
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("should handle empty query parameters object", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, {})).toBe(baseUrl);
+    });
+
+    it("should encode special characters in query parameters", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = { special: "a&b=c d" };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe("https://api.example.com?special=a%26b%3Dc%20d");
+    });
+
+    // Additional tests for edge cases and different value types
+    it("should handle numeric values", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = { count: 42, price: 19.99, active: 1, inactive: 0 };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe(
+            "https://api.example.com?count=42&price=19.99&active=1&inactive=0",
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("should handle boolean values", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = { enabled: true, disabled: false };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe("https://api.example.com?enabled=true&disabled=false");
+    });
+
+    it("should handle null and undefined values", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = {
+            valid: "value",
+            nullValue: null,
+            undefinedValue: undefined,
+            emptyString: "",
+        };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe(
+            "https://api.example.com?valid=value&nullValue=&emptyString=",
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("should handle deeply nested objects", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = {
+            user: {
+                profile: {
+                    name: "John",
+                    settings: { theme: "dark" },
+                },
+            },
+        };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe(
+            "https://api.example.com?user%5Bprofile%5D%5Bname%5D=John&user%5Bprofile%5D%5Bsettings%5D%5Btheme%5D=dark",
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("should handle arrays of objects", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = {
+            users: [
+                { name: "John", age: 30 },
+                { name: "Jane", age: 25 },
+            ],
+        };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe(
+            "https://api.example.com?users%5Bname%5D=John&users%5Bage%5D=30&users%5Bname%5D=Jane&users%5Bage%5D=25",
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("should handle mixed arrays", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = {
+            mixed: ["string", 42, true, { key: "value" }],
+        };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe(
+            "https://api.example.com?mixed=string&mixed=42&mixed=true&mixed%5Bkey%5D=value",
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("should handle empty arrays", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = { emptyArray: [] };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe(baseUrl);
+    });
+
+    it("should handle empty objects", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = { emptyObject: {} };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe(baseUrl);
+    });
+
+    it("should handle special characters in keys", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = { "key with spaces": "value", "key[with]brackets": "value" };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe(
+            "https://api.example.com?key%20with%20spaces=value&key%5Bwith%5Dbrackets=value",
+        );
+    });
+
+    it("should handle URL with existing query parameters", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com?existing=param";
+        const queryParams = { new: "value" };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe("https://api.example.com?existing=param?new=value");
+    });
+
+    it("should handle complex nested structures", () => {
+        const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com";
+        const queryParams = {
+            filters: {
+                status: ["active", "pending"],
+                category: {
+                    type: "electronics",
+                    subcategories: ["phones", "laptops"],
+                },
+            },
+            sort: { field: "name", direction: "asc" },
+        };
+        expect(createRequestUrl(baseUrl, queryParams)).toBe(
+            "https://api.example.com?filters%5Bstatus%5D=active&filters%5Bstatus%5D=pending&filters%5Bcategory%5D%5Btype%5D=electronics&filters%5Bcategory%5D%5Bsubcategories%5D=phones&filters%5Bcategory%5D%5Bsubcategories%5D=laptops&sort%5Bfield%5D=name&sort%5Bdirection%5D=asc",
+        );
+    });
+});

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/fetcher/getRequestBody.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { getRequestBody } from "../../../src/core/fetcher/getRequestBody";
+import { RUNTIME } from "../../../src/core/runtime";
+
+describe("Test getRequestBody", () => {
+    it("should stringify body if not FormData in Node environment", async () => {
+        if (RUNTIME.type === "node") {
+            const body = { key: "value" };
+            const result = await getRequestBody({
+                body,
+                type: "json",
+            });
+            expect(result).toBe('{"key":"value"}');
+        }
+    });
+
+    it("should return FormData in browser environment", async () => {
+        if (RUNTIME.type === "browser") {
+            const formData = new FormData();
+            formData.append("key", "value");
+            const result = await getRequestBody({
+                body: formData,
+                type: "file",
+            });
+            expect(result).toBe(formData);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it("should stringify body if not FormData in browser environment", async () => {
+        if (RUNTIME.type === "browser") {
+            const body = { key: "value" };
+            const result = await getRequestBody({
+                body,
+                type: "json",
+            });
+            expect(result).toBe('{"key":"value"}');
+        }
+    });
+
+    it("should return the Uint8Array", async () => {
+        const input = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]);
+        const result = await getRequestBody({
+            body: input,
+            type: "bytes",
+        });
+        expect(result).toBe(input);
+    });
+
+    it("should return the input for content-type 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'", async () => {
+        const input = "key=value&another=param";
+        const result = await getRequestBody({
+            body: input,
+            type: "other",
+        });
+        expect(result).toBe(input);
+    });
+
+    it("should JSON stringify objects", async () => {
+        const input = { key: "value" };
+        const result = await getRequestBody({
+            body: input,
+            type: "json",
+        });
+        expect(result).toBe('{"key":"value"}');
+    });
+});

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/fetcher/getResponseBody.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { getResponseBody } from "../../../src/core/fetcher/getResponseBody";
+import { RUNTIME } from "../../../src/core/runtime";
+
+describe("Test getResponseBody", () => {
+    it("should handle blob response type", async () => {
+        const mockBlob = new Blob(["test"], { type: "text/plain" });
+        const mockResponse = new Response(mockBlob);
+        const result = await getResponseBody(mockResponse, "blob");
+        // @ts-expect-error
+        expect(result.constructor.name).toBe("Blob");
+    });
+
+    it("should handle sse response type", async () => {
+        if (RUNTIME.type === "node") {
+            const mockStream = new ReadableStream();
+            const mockResponse = new Response(mockStream);
+            const result = await getResponseBody(mockResponse, "sse");
+            expect(result).toBe(mockStream);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it("should handle streaming response type", async () => {
+        // Create a ReadableStream with some test data
+        const encoder = new TextEncoder();
+        const testData = "test stream data";
+        const mockStream = new ReadableStream({
+            start(controller) {
+                controller.enqueue(encoder.encode(testData));
+                controller.close();
+            },
+        });
+
+        const mockResponse = new Response(mockStream);
+        const result = (await getResponseBody(mockResponse, "streaming")) as ReadableStream;
+
+        expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(ReadableStream);
+
+        // Read and verify the stream content
+        const reader = result.getReader();
+        const decoder = new TextDecoder();
+        const { value } = await reader.read();
+        const streamContent = decoder.decode(value);
+        expect(streamContent).toBe(testData);
+    });
+
+    it("should handle text response type", async () => {
+        const mockResponse = new Response("test text");
+        const result = await getResponseBody(mockResponse, "text");
+        expect(result).toBe("test text");
+    });
+
+    it("should handle JSON response", async () => {
+        const mockJson = { key: "value" };
+        const mockResponse = new Response(JSON.stringify(mockJson));
+        const result = await getResponseBody(mockResponse);
+        expect(result).toEqual(mockJson);
+    });
+
+    it("should handle empty response", async () => {
+        const mockResponse = new Response("");
+        const result = await getResponseBody(mockResponse);
+        expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it("should handle non-JSON response", async () => {
+        const mockResponse = new Response("invalid json");
+        const result = await getResponseBody(mockResponse);
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+            ok: false,
+            error: {
+                reason: "non-json",
+                statusCode: 200,
+                rawBody: "invalid json",
+            },
+        });
+    });
+});

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/fetcher/makeRequest.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { makeRequest } from "../../../src/core/fetcher/makeRequest";
+
+describe("Test makeRequest", () => {
+    const mockPostUrl = "https://httpbin.org/post";
+    const mockGetUrl = "https://httpbin.org/get";
+    const mockHeaders = { "Content-Type": "application/json" };
+    const mockBody = JSON.stringify({ key: "value" });
+
+    let mockFetch: import("vitest").Mock;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+        mockFetch = vi.fn();
+        mockFetch.mockResolvedValue(new Response(JSON.stringify({ test: "successful" }), { status: 200 }));
+    });
+
+    it("should handle POST request correctly", async () => {
+        const response = await makeRequest(mockFetch, mockPostUrl, "POST", mockHeaders, mockBody);
+        const responseBody = await response.json();
+        expect(responseBody).toEqual({ test: "successful" });
+        expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        const [calledUrl, calledOptions] = mockFetch.mock.calls[0];
+        expect(calledUrl).toBe(mockPostUrl);
+        expect(calledOptions).toEqual(
+            expect.objectContaining({
+                method: "POST",
+                headers: mockHeaders,
+                body: mockBody,
+                credentials: undefined,
+            }),
+        );
+        expect(calledOptions.signal).toBeDefined();
+        expect(calledOptions.signal).toBeInstanceOf(AbortSignal);
+    });
+
+    it("should handle GET request correctly", async () => {
+        const response = await makeRequest(mockFetch, mockGetUrl, "GET", mockHeaders, undefined);
+        const responseBody = await response.json();
+        expect(responseBody).toEqual({ test: "successful" });
+        expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        const [calledUrl, calledOptions] = mockFetch.mock.calls[0];
+        expect(calledUrl).toBe(mockGetUrl);
+        expect(calledOptions).toEqual(
+            expect.objectContaining({
+                method: "GET",
+                headers: mockHeaders,
+                body: undefined,
+                credentials: undefined,
+            }),
+        );
+        expect(calledOptions.signal).toBeDefined();
+        expect(calledOptions.signal).toBeInstanceOf(AbortSignal);
+    });
+});

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/fetcher/requestWithRetries.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+import { requestWithRetries } from "../../../src/core/fetcher/requestWithRetries";
+
+describe("requestWithRetries", () => {
+    let mockFetch: import("vitest").Mock;
+    let originalMathRandom: typeof Math.random;
+    let setTimeoutSpy: import("vitest").MockInstance;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+        mockFetch = vi.fn();
+        originalMathRandom = Math.random;
+
+        // Mock Math.random for consistent jitter
+        Math.random = vi.fn(() => 0.5);
+
+        vi.useFakeTimers({
+            toFake: [
+                "setTimeout",
+                "clearTimeout",
+                "setInterval",
+                "clearInterval",
+                "setImmediate",
+                "clearImmediate",
+                "Date",
+                "performance",
+                "requestAnimationFrame",
+                "cancelAnimationFrame",
+                "requestIdleCallback",
+                "cancelIdleCallback",
+            ],
+        });
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+        Math.random = originalMathRandom;
+        vi.clearAllMocks();
+        vi.clearAllTimers();
+    });
+
+    it("should retry on retryable status codes", async () => {
+        setTimeoutSpy = vi.spyOn(global, "setTimeout").mockImplementation((callback: (args: void) => void) => {
+            process.nextTick(callback);
+            return null as any;
+        });
+
+        const retryableStatuses = [408, 429, 500, 502];
+        let callCount = 0;
+
+        mockFetch.mockImplementation(async () => {
+            if (callCount < retryableStatuses.length) {
+                return new Response("", { status: retryableStatuses[callCount++] });
+            }
+            return new Response("", { status: 200 });
+        });
+
+        const responsePromise = requestWithRetries(() => mockFetch(), retryableStatuses.length);
+        await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+        const response = await responsePromise;
+
+        expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(retryableStatuses.length + 1);
+        expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+
+    it("should respect maxRetries limit", async () => {
+        setTimeoutSpy = vi.spyOn(global, "setTimeout").mockImplementation((callback: (args: void) => void) => {
+            process.nextTick(callback);
+            return null as any;
+        });
+
+        const maxRetries = 2;
+        mockFetch.mockResolvedValue(new Response("", { status: 500 }));
+
+        const responsePromise = requestWithRetries(() => mockFetch(), maxRetries);
+        await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+        const response = await responsePromise;
+
+        expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(maxRetries + 1);
+        expect(response.status).toBe(500);
+    });
+
+    it("should not retry on success status codes", async () => {
+        setTimeoutSpy = vi.spyOn(global, "setTimeout").mockImplementation((callback: (args: void) => void) => {
+            process.nextTick(callback);
+            return null as any;
+        });
+
+        const successStatuses = [200, 201, 202];
+
+        for (const status of successStatuses) {
+            mockFetch.mockReset();
+            setTimeoutSpy.mockClear();
+            mockFetch.mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response("", { status }));
+
+            const responsePromise = requestWithRetries(() => mockFetch(), 3);
+            await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+            await responsePromise;
+
+            expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+            expect(setTimeoutSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        }
+    });
+
+    it("should apply correct exponential backoff with jitter", async () => {
+        setTimeoutSpy = vi.spyOn(global, "setTimeout").mockImplementation((callback: (args: void) => void) => {
+            process.nextTick(callback);
+            return null as any;
+        });
+
+        mockFetch.mockResolvedValue(new Response("", { status: 500 }));
+        const maxRetries = 3;
+        const expectedDelays = [1000, 2000, 4000];
+
+        const responsePromise = requestWithRetries(() => mockFetch(), maxRetries);
+        await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+        await responsePromise;
+
+        // Verify setTimeout calls
+        expect(setTimeoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(expectedDelays.length);
+
+        expectedDelays.forEach((delay, index) => {
+            expect(setTimeoutSpy).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(index + 1, expect.any(Function), delay);
+        });
+
+        expect(mockFetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(maxRetries + 1);
+    });
+
+    it("should handle concurrent retries independently", async () => {
+        setTimeoutSpy = vi.spyOn(global, "setTimeout").mockImplementation((callback: (args: void) => void) => {
+            process.nextTick(callback);
+            return null as any;
+        });
+
+        mockFetch
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response("", { status: 500 }))
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response("", { status: 500 }))
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response("", { status: 200 }))
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response("", { status: 200 }));
+
+        const promise1 = requestWithRetries(() => mockFetch(), 1);
+        const promise2 = requestWithRetries(() => mockFetch(), 1);
+
+        await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+        const [response1, response2] = await Promise.all([promise1, promise2]);
+
+        expect(response1.status).toBe(200);
+        expect(response2.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+
+    it("should respect retry-after header with seconds value", async () => {
+        setTimeoutSpy = vi.spyOn(global, "setTimeout").mockImplementation((callback: (args: void) => void) => {
+            process.nextTick(callback);
+            return null as any;
+        });
+
+        mockFetch
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(
+                new Response("", {
+                    status: 429,
+                    headers: new Headers({ "retry-after": "5" }),
+                }),
+            )
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response("", { status: 200 }));
+
+        const responsePromise = requestWithRetries(() => mockFetch(), 1);
+        await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+        const response = await responsePromise;
+
+        expect(setTimeoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 5000); // 5 seconds = 5000ms
+        expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+
+    it("should respect retry-after header with HTTP date value", async () => {
+        setTimeoutSpy = vi.spyOn(global, "setTimeout").mockImplementation((callback: (args: void) => void) => {
+            process.nextTick(callback);
+            return null as any;
+        });
+
+        const futureDate = new Date(Date.now() + 3000); // 3 seconds from now
+        mockFetch
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(
+                new Response("", {
+                    status: 429,
+                    headers: new Headers({ "retry-after": futureDate.toUTCString() }),
+                }),
+            )
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response("", { status: 200 }));
+
+        const responsePromise = requestWithRetries(() => mockFetch(), 1);
+        await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+        const response = await responsePromise;
+
+        // Should use the date-based delay (approximately 3000ms, but with jitter)
+        expect(setTimeoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(Function), expect.any(Number));
+        const actualDelay = setTimeoutSpy.mock.calls[0][1];
+        expect(actualDelay).toBeGreaterThan(2000);
+        expect(actualDelay).toBeLessThan(4000);
+        expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+
+    it("should respect x-ratelimit-reset header", async () => {
+        setTimeoutSpy = vi.spyOn(global, "setTimeout").mockImplementation((callback: (args: void) => void) => {
+            process.nextTick(callback);
+            return null as any;
+        });
+
+        const resetTime = Math.floor((Date.now() + 4000) / 1000); // 4 seconds from now in Unix timestamp
+        mockFetch
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(
+                new Response("", {
+                    status: 429,
+                    headers: new Headers({ "x-ratelimit-reset": resetTime.toString() }),
+                }),
+            )
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response("", { status: 200 }));
+
+        const responsePromise = requestWithRetries(() => mockFetch(), 1);
+        await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+        const response = await responsePromise;
+
+        // Should use the x-ratelimit-reset delay (approximately 4000ms, but with positive jitter)
+        expect(setTimeoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(Function), expect.any(Number));
+        const actualDelay = setTimeoutSpy.mock.calls[0][1];
+        expect(actualDelay).toBeGreaterThan(3000);
+        expect(actualDelay).toBeLessThan(6000);
+        expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+
+    it("should cap delay at MAX_RETRY_DELAY for large header values", async () => {
+        setTimeoutSpy = vi.spyOn(global, "setTimeout").mockImplementation((callback: (args: void) => void) => {
+            process.nextTick(callback);
+            return null as any;
+        });
+
+        mockFetch
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(
+                new Response("", {
+                    status: 429,
+                    headers: new Headers({ "retry-after": "120" }), // 120 seconds = 120000ms > MAX_RETRY_DELAY (60000ms)
+                }),
+            )
+            .mockResolvedValueOnce(new Response("", { status: 200 }));
+
+        const responsePromise = requestWithRetries(() => mockFetch(), 1);
+        await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+        const response = await responsePromise;
+
+        // Should be capped at MAX_RETRY_DELAY (60000ms) with jitter applied
+        expect(setTimeoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 60000); // Exactly MAX_RETRY_DELAY since jitter with 0.5 random keeps it at 60000
+        expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+    });
+});

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/fetcher/signals.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { anySignal, getTimeoutSignal } from "../../../src/core/fetcher/signals";
+
+describe("Test getTimeoutSignal", () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+        vi.useFakeTimers();
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+        vi.useRealTimers();
+    });
+
+    it("should return an object with signal and abortId", () => {
+        const { signal, abortId } = getTimeoutSignal(1000);
+
+        expect(signal).toBeDefined();
+        expect(abortId).toBeDefined();
+        expect(signal).toBeInstanceOf(AbortSignal);
+        expect(signal.aborted).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it("should create a signal that aborts after the specified timeout", () => {
+        const timeoutMs = 5000;
+        const { signal } = getTimeoutSignal(timeoutMs);
+
+        expect(signal.aborted).toBe(false);
+
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(timeoutMs - 1);
+        expect(signal.aborted).toBe(false);
+
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(1);
+        expect(signal.aborted).toBe(true);
+    });
+});
+
+describe("Test anySignal", () => {
+    it("should return an AbortSignal", () => {
+        const signal = anySignal(new AbortController().signal);
+        expect(signal).toBeInstanceOf(AbortSignal);
+    });
+
+    it("should abort when any of the input signals is aborted", () => {
+        const controller1 = new AbortController();
+        const controller2 = new AbortController();
+        const signal = anySignal(controller1.signal, controller2.signal);
+
+        expect(signal.aborted).toBe(false);
+        controller1.abort();
+        expect(signal.aborted).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it("should handle an array of signals", () => {
+        const controller1 = new AbortController();
+        const controller2 = new AbortController();
+        const signal = anySignal([controller1.signal, controller2.signal]);
+
+        expect(signal.aborted).toBe(false);
+        controller2.abort();
+        expect(signal.aborted).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it("should abort immediately if one of the input signals is already aborted", () => {
+        const controller1 = new AbortController();
+        const controller2 = new AbortController();
+        controller1.abort();
+
+        const signal = anySignal(controller1.signal, controller2.signal);
+        expect(signal.aborted).toBe(true);
+    });
+});

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/fetcher/test-file.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+This is a test file!

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/url/join.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import { join } from "../../../src/core/url/index";
+
+describe("join", () => {
+    describe("basic functionality", () => {
+        it("should return empty string for empty base", () => {
+            expect(join("")).toBe("");
+            expect(join("", "path")).toBe("");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle single segment", () => {
+            expect(join("base", "segment")).toBe("base/segment");
+            expect(join("base/", "segment")).toBe("base/segment");
+            expect(join("base", "/segment")).toBe("base/segment");
+            expect(join("base/", "/segment")).toBe("base/segment");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle multiple segments", () => {
+            expect(join("base", "path1", "path2", "path3")).toBe("base/path1/path2/path3");
+            expect(join("base/", "/path1/", "/path2/", "/path3/")).toBe("base/path1/path2/path3/");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("URL handling", () => {
+        it("should handle absolute URLs", () => {
+            expect(join("https://example.com", "api", "v1")).toBe("https://example.com/api/v1");
+            expect(join("https://example.com/", "/api/", "/v1/")).toBe("https://example.com/api/v1/");
+            expect(join("https://example.com/base", "api", "v1")).toBe("https://example.com/base/api/v1");
+        });
+
+        it("should preserve URL query parameters and fragments", () => {
+            expect(join("https://example.com?query=1", "api")).toBe("https://example.com/api?query=1");
+            expect(join("https://example.com#fragment", "api")).toBe("https://example.com/api#fragment");
+            expect(join("https://example.com?query=1#fragment", "api")).toBe(
+                "https://example.com/api?query=1#fragment",
+            );
+        });
+
+        it("should handle different protocols", () => {
+            expect(join("http://example.com", "api")).toBe("http://example.com/api");
+            expect(join("ftp://example.com", "files")).toBe("ftp://example.com/files");
+            expect(join("ws://example.com", "socket")).toBe("ws://example.com/socket");
+        });
+
+        it("should fallback to path joining for malformed URLs", () => {
+            expect(join("not-a-url://", "path")).toBe("not-a-url:///path");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("edge cases", () => {
+        it("should handle empty segments", () => {
+            expect(join("base", "", "path")).toBe("base/path");
+            expect(join("base", null as any, "path")).toBe("base/path");
+            expect(join("base", undefined as any, "path")).toBe("base/path");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle segments with only slashes", () => {
+            expect(join("base", "/", "path")).toBe("base/path");
+            expect(join("base", "//", "path")).toBe("base/path");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle base paths with trailing slashes", () => {
+            expect(join("base/", "path")).toBe("base/path");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle complex nested paths", () => {
+            expect(join("api/v1/", "/users/", "/123/", "/profile")).toBe("api/v1/users/123/profile");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("real-world scenarios", () => {
+        it("should handle API endpoint construction", () => {
+            const baseUrl = "https://api.example.com/v1";
+            expect(join(baseUrl, "users", "123", "posts")).toBe("https://api.example.com/v1/users/123/posts");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle file path construction", () => {
+            expect(join("/var/www", "html", "assets", "images")).toBe("/var/www/html/assets/images");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle relative path construction", () => {
+            expect(join("../parent", "child", "grandchild")).toBe("../parent/child/grandchild");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle Windows-style paths", () => {
+            expect(join("C:\\Users", "Documents", "file.txt")).toBe("C:\\Users/Documents/file.txt");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("performance scenarios", () => {
+        it("should handle many segments efficiently", () => {
+            const segments = Array(100).fill("segment");
+            const result = join("base", ...segments);
+            expect(result).toBe(`base/${segments.join("/")}`);
+        });
+
+        it("should handle long URLs", () => {
+            const longPath = "a".repeat(1000);
+            expect(join("https://example.com", longPath)).toBe(`https://example.com/${longPath}`);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("trailing slash preservation", () => {
+        it("should preserve trailing slash on final result when base has trailing slash and no segments", () => {
+            expect(join("https://api.example.com/")).toBe("https://api.example.com/");
+            expect(join("https://api.example.com/v1/")).toBe("https://api.example.com/v1/");
+        });
+
+        it("should preserve trailing slash when last segment has trailing slash", () => {
+            expect(join("https://api.example.com", "users/")).toBe("https://api.example.com/users/");
+            expect(join("api/v1", "users/")).toBe("api/v1/users/");
+        });
+
+        it("should preserve trailing slash with multiple segments where last has trailing slash", () => {
+            expect(join("https://api.example.com", "v1", "collections/")).toBe(
+                "https://api.example.com/v1/collections/",
+            );
+            expect(join("base", "path1", "path2/")).toBe("base/path1/path2/");
+        });
+    });
+});

skyvern-ts/client/tests/unit/url/qs.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+import { toQueryString } from "../../../src/core/url/index";
+
+describe("Test qs toQueryString", () => {
+    describe("Basic functionality", () => {
+        it("should return empty string for null/undefined", () => {
+            expect(toQueryString(null)).toBe("");
+            expect(toQueryString(undefined)).toBe("");
+        });
+
+        it("should return empty string for primitive values", () => {
+            expect(toQueryString("hello")).toBe("");
+            expect(toQueryString(42)).toBe("");
+            expect(toQueryString(true)).toBe("");
+            expect(toQueryString(false)).toBe("");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle empty objects", () => {
+            expect(toQueryString({})).toBe("");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle simple key-value pairs", () => {
+            const obj = { name: "John", age: 30 };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("name=John&age=30");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("Array handling", () => {
+        it("should handle arrays with indices format (default)", () => {
+            const obj = { items: ["a", "b", "c"] };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("items%5B0%5D=a&items%5B1%5D=b&items%5B2%5D=c");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle arrays with repeat format", () => {
+            const obj = { items: ["a", "b", "c"] };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj, { arrayFormat: "repeat" })).toBe("items=a&items=b&items=c");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle empty arrays", () => {
+            const obj = { items: [] };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle arrays with mixed types", () => {
+            const obj = { mixed: ["string", 42, true, false] };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("mixed%5B0%5D=string&mixed%5B1%5D=42&mixed%5B2%5D=true&mixed%5B3%5D=false");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle arrays with objects", () => {
+            const obj = { users: [{ name: "John" }, { name: "Jane" }] };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("users%5B0%5D%5Bname%5D=John&users%5B1%5D%5Bname%5D=Jane");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle arrays with objects in repeat format", () => {
+            const obj = { users: [{ name: "John" }, { name: "Jane" }] };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj, { arrayFormat: "repeat" })).toBe("users%5Bname%5D=John&users%5Bname%5D=Jane");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("Nested objects", () => {
+        it("should handle nested objects", () => {
+            const obj = { user: { name: "John", age: 30 } };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("user%5Bname%5D=John&user%5Bage%5D=30");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle deeply nested objects", () => {
+            const obj = { user: { profile: { name: "John", settings: { theme: "dark" } } } };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe(
+                "user%5Bprofile%5D%5Bname%5D=John&user%5Bprofile%5D%5Bsettings%5D%5Btheme%5D=dark",
+            );
+        });
+
+        it("should handle empty nested objects", () => {
+            const obj = { user: {} };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("Encoding", () => {
+        it("should encode by default", () => {
+            const obj = { name: "John Doe", email: "john@example.com" };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("name=John%20Doe&email=john%40example.com");
+        });
+
+        it("should not encode when encode is false", () => {
+            const obj = { name: "John Doe", email: "john@example.com" };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj, { encode: false })).toBe("name=John Doe&email=john@example.com");
+        });
+
+        it("should encode special characters in keys", () => {
+            const obj = { "user name": "John", "email[primary]": "john@example.com" };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("user%20name=John&email%5Bprimary%5D=john%40example.com");
+        });
+
+        it("should not encode special characters in keys when encode is false", () => {
+            const obj = { "user name": "John", "email[primary]": "john@example.com" };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj, { encode: false })).toBe("user name=John&email[primary]=john@example.com");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("Mixed scenarios", () => {
+        it("should handle complex nested structures", () => {
+            const obj = {
+                filters: {
+                    status: ["active", "pending"],
+                    category: {
+                        type: "electronics",
+                        subcategories: ["phones", "laptops"],
+                    },
+                },
+                sort: { field: "name", direction: "asc" },
+            };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe(
+                "filters%5Bstatus%5D%5B0%5D=active&filters%5Bstatus%5D%5B1%5D=pending&filters%5Bcategory%5D%5Btype%5D=electronics&filters%5Bcategory%5D%5Bsubcategories%5D%5B0%5D=phones&filters%5Bcategory%5D%5Bsubcategories%5D%5B1%5D=laptops&sort%5Bfield%5D=name&sort%5Bdirection%5D=asc",
+            );
+        });
+
+        it("should handle complex nested structures with repeat format", () => {
+            const obj = {
+                filters: {
+                    status: ["active", "pending"],
+                    category: {
+                        type: "electronics",
+                        subcategories: ["phones", "laptops"],
+                    },
+                },
+                sort: { field: "name", direction: "asc" },
+            };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj, { arrayFormat: "repeat" })).toBe(
+                "filters%5Bstatus%5D=active&filters%5Bstatus%5D=pending&filters%5Bcategory%5D%5Btype%5D=electronics&filters%5Bcategory%5D%5Bsubcategories%5D=phones&filters%5Bcategory%5D%5Bsubcategories%5D=laptops&sort%5Bfield%5D=name&sort%5Bdirection%5D=asc",
+            );
+        });
+
+        it("should handle arrays with null/undefined values", () => {
+            const obj = { items: ["a", null, "c", undefined, "e"] };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("items%5B0%5D=a&items%5B1%5D=&items%5B2%5D=c&items%5B4%5D=e");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle objects with null/undefined values", () => {
+            const obj = { name: "John", age: null, email: undefined, active: true };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("name=John&age=&active=true");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("Edge cases", () => {
+        it("should handle numeric keys", () => {
+            const obj = { "0": "zero", "1": "one" };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("0=zero&1=one");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle boolean values in objects", () => {
+            const obj = { enabled: true, disabled: false };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("enabled=true&disabled=false");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle empty strings", () => {
+            const obj = { name: "", description: "test" };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("name=&description=test");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle zero values", () => {
+            const obj = { count: 0, price: 0.0 };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("count=0&price=0");
+        });
+
+        it("should handle arrays with empty strings", () => {
+            const obj = { items: ["a", "", "c"] };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("items%5B0%5D=a&items%5B1%5D=&items%5B2%5D=c");
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("Options combinations", () => {
+        it("should respect both arrayFormat and encode options", () => {
+            const obj = { items: ["a & b", "c & d"] };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj, { arrayFormat: "repeat", encode: false })).toBe("items=a & b&items=c & d");
+        });
+
+        it("should use default options when none provided", () => {
+            const obj = { items: ["a", "b"] };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj)).toBe("items%5B0%5D=a&items%5B1%5D=b");
+        });
+
+        it("should merge provided options with defaults", () => {
+            const obj = { items: ["a", "b"], name: "John Doe" };
+            expect(toQueryString(obj, { encode: false })).toBe("items[0]=a&items[1]=b&name=John Doe");
+        });
+    });
+});